A heat pump is like a device that transfers heat from a low temperature to a high temperature, as the pump pulls water from below. Refrigerators or air conditioners are also considered in the field of heat pumps. Air conditioners are air heat source heat pumps. They use external air and warm houses, but they can also be cooled.
The geothermal heat pump is a device that absorbs heat from the ground or releases heat from the ground. Whether the heat is from the atmosphere or in the ground, it works like an air conditioner. Geothermal heat pumps have geothermal exchange type, groundwater utilization type, and surface water utilization type.
The prevalence of heat utilization systems in various countries is as follows:
Japan is currently not widely used, and China is rapidly developing. Europe and the United States started research and development and put into the market in the late 1970s. After the oil crisis, it developed rapidly over a period of time. Later, it experienced a period of stagnation. It officially began to spread after the 1990s. The year is amazing.
The United States: In 1990, nearly 200,000 units had been popularized. In the ten years between 1990 and 2000, 200,000 units were added. From 2000 to 2005, another 200,000 units were added, which increased 1.5 times in five years. One of the U.S. geothermal heat pump centers is the U.S. Geothermal Heat Pump Association of the University of Oklahoma. In the Geothermal Experimental Building, the building began to receive assistance from petroleum capital and became a geothermal heat pump system technician training center. . President Bush’s energy policy is that wind, sun, biomass, and geothermal are renewable alternative energy sources. It is necessary to expand the scope of use. Therefore, the government has invested funds. The existing medium-heat heat pump system has been recognized by the U.S. community, and cooperation in the development of industry-related schools has been implemented. Crawford Ranch at the Bush White House’s White House is also preparing to introduce a geothermal heat pump system.
Switzerland: It is the fourth largest heat pump in the world. With the exception of the United States, it is second only to Sweden. Prof. Lybach from the University of Technology in Zurich described the reasons and economic reasons for the popularity of geothermal heat pumps in Switzerland. The technical factors include the following five: 1 suitable climatic conditions; 2 vertical geothermal system suitable for individual needs; 3 can choose to set up venues near the buildings; 4 limited to small units, no need to add heat; Reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Eight economic factors: 1 No hazards and costs in the transportation of oil, gas, etc.; 2 There is no problem of preservation of groundwater; 3 The land that must be disposed of is small; 4 The machinery room is smaller than the existing one; 5 The operating fee is cheap; 6 The electricity is accepted The company's subsidies and return; 7 is the heating of the CO2 is not discharged; 8CO2 discharge tax will enter the parliamentary vision. In the 1980s, the research group centered on this professor researched and developed a vertically buried system, which has given great hope for popularization. The Swiss Association of Heat Pumps and the Manufacturers Association have also started production and development. At the geothermal special seminar held at the International Conference on Renewable Energies held in Chiba in October 2006, the professor mentioned that the key to promoting the popularity of geothermal heat pumps is the spread of knowledge and the addition of examples. And clearly stated that the cost of setting up universal heat-utilizing heat pump systems in Switzerland can be halved. The standard residential system costs about 2.4 million yen.
Japan is currently actively promoting the popularity. The Japan Geothermal Promotion Association believes that the promotion of the introduction of geothermal heat in Japan must consider the following 10 items: 1 Re-evaluation of laws and regulations; Clearly identifying the location of the heat in the New Energy Special Measures Act; 2 Expanding the market; 3 Confirmation of environmental technologies ; 4 Monitoring of heat utilization systems in the area; 5 Power normalization technology, introducing systems in public facilities (schools, palaces, etc.) to conduct empirical tests; 6 Expanding and publicizing results, calling for environmentally attractive and attractive systems As an introduction target; 7 Promote the basic equipment of the tool, as a basic setting project of the society, equipped with a geothermal gradient map, geothermal simulation software, etc., are widely disclosed on the Web. In the United States and Switzerland, the groundwater dynamics are not taken into account in the examples, but Japan is an alluvial plain with abundant groundwater in the shallower underground areas, which has a great influence on the efficiency of the geothermal heat pump. Therefore, these basic data are popularized. Indispensable;8 To expand the use of foundation piles for groundwater and adobe, which is not only conducive to heat exchange in the ground but also conducive to the effective use of groundwater.
In order to expand the information exchange for the application of building foundation piles, it is necessary to re-evaluate the assistance system. 9 Specifications and benchmarks are guidelines, standards, and specifications recognized by national and industrial groups, customers, construction companies, and design companies; 10 Electricity fee system . The electricity storage system, such as the late-night electricity discount system that can be used in the framework of the thermal storage system, can be used as a power supply menu, as well as a specific job.
In terms of technical standardization, the following 5 items related to machinery and setting engineering must be considered: 1 Standardization of cold air devices; 2 Standardization of piping; 3 Standardization of control and digging; 4 Standardization of heat source water circulation. In terms of standardization of machinery and methods, we must aim at improving reliability and reducing costs. 5 Establish a certification system for piping technicians to ensure the safety and stability of the system. Must consider the identification system like the United States IGSHPA.
In the development of machinery and equipment must be considered: 1 the efficiency of cold wind devices; 2 standard parts of the high efficiency; 3 heat source water cycle efficiency. This is achieved through the adoption of an air heat source heat pump, which promotes the continued development of high-efficiency equipment and the use of top-end fast-handling rotors (advanced impellers) to achieve the goal of contributing to environmental issues.
The main points of universal heat utilization of heat pumps in the United States and Switzerland are as follows: 1 The promotion of popularization of geothermal heat pumps in the United States is the application of the social engineering wall; 2 The establishment of geothermal heat pump systems in the early 1990s; 3 The existence of oil capital behind them 4 With oil capital as the background, there is a political role through the activities of the Congress; 5 When the promotion of popularization is promoted, it is possible to obtain the envisaged talents of the social engineering linking the production discipline.