Before reading this article, please click on the blue font " China Chemical Safety Association " under the heading of this article and then click " Follow ", so you can receive the article for free. Share every day, it's a free subscription, please rest assured!
After the "8·12" explosion accident in Tianjin Binhai New Area, due to fires and unclear toxic substances on the scene, the accident investigation team of the State Council determined that the working idea was to suspend the fight and send anti-chemical groups to enter the scene to delineate the scope of the blockade. After the last time in Russia to participate in the competition, the anti-chemical soldiers who rushed to Tianjin once again entered the people's field of vision. So what kind of existence is the anti-chemical soldier? Xiaobian turned this article out of the pile of paper, revealing it for everyone! The original was published on October 31, 2009 on the China Radio Network.
Anti-chemical warfare - a force dealing with the "drug"
Anti-chemical soldiers, the abbreviation of anti-chemical soldiers - a force dealing with "poisonous demon". The Chinese People's Liberation Army anti-chemical warfare is a combat support arm, consisting of defense, fire-breathing, smoking and other ministries. Its equipment mainly includes six basic types of observation, reconnaissance, protection, decontamination, fire-breathing, and smoking. The task is to conduct chemical, nuclear radiation reconnaissance and radioactive contamination observations; organize the implementation of smoke screen protection; use firearms and other combustion weapons to coordinate military operations. In addition, the anti-chemical soldiers must also instruct other units to protect nuclear weapons and chemical weapons, and assist local departments to organize the masses to implement the above-mentioned protection.
The position of the anti-chemical warfare in modern warfare is very important, as Su Yu said in the inscription of the anti-chemical warfare: "Under the conditions of atomic and chemical warfare, if there is no such unit, it is difficult or even impossible for our army to complete the combat mission satisfactorily. ""
1 Xiao Ke suggested to the central government to set up a chemical defense school; Zhang Nai became the first minister of the chemical defense department.
The birth of the Chinese People's Liberation Army anti-chemical warfare and the birth of the world's anti-chemical warfare have common reasons: the development of the modern chemical industry, the emergence of poison gas in human warfare.
However, the birth of the Chinese People's Liberation Army anti-chemical warfare has different reasons from the birth of national anti-chemical warfare: during the Second World War, China was the world's largest victim of chemical warfare.
In the summer of 1940, the Eighth Route Army launched the "Hundred Regiments Battle" against the Japanese army. The Japanese army defended the strongholds and used the poison more than 20 times, causing nearly 80,000 poisonings to the Eighth Route Army, directly affecting the fighting process. In 1942, the Japanese army used dozens of poisons in the "Five Sweeping" and created the "Beibei Massacre" of more than 800 poisoned villagers. In the eight years of the war of aggression against China, the Japanese army used a total of more than 2,000 chemical attacks, causing more than 80,000 casualties in China. In the later Korean War, the US military also violated international conventions and used a large number of bacterial weapons against the Chinese People's Volunteers. In order to effectively deal with the aggressor’s chemical weapons attack, our army began to build anti-chemical weapons.
On December 13, 1932, the Central Revolutionary Military Committee decided to compile a chemical platoon in the Special Committee of the Military Commission. Its main task was to smog the smoke to confuse the enemy and cover its own combat operations. At the end of 1938, our army set up a chemical team at the branch of the Anti-Japanese Military and Political University to train anti-drug cadres. Later, anti-drug training classes were held in Yan'an. In the later period of the Liberation War, the East China Field Army formed an anti-chemical detachment in the seventh, ninth and thirteenth columns. Our army formed a large-scale anti-chemical force after the establishment of New China.
In November 1950, Xiao Ke, Minister of the Military Training Department of the Central Military Commission, proposed to the Central Committee the establishment of a school to prevent chemical soldiers. He also recommended that the field army and the Corps compile anti-chemical divisions, military anti-chemical units, divisions, regiments, and anti-chemical staff. Xiao Ke’s suggestion was approved by Zhou Enlai. On December 1, Mao Zedong approved the establishment of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Anti-Chemistry School. In 1951, the troops entering the DPRK established anti-chemical detachments in divisions, regiments, and battalions. By 1953, the whole army had more than 100 anti-chemical companies, and the large military region had set up anti-chemical units, and the General Military Training Department set up the anti-chemical department. On January 1, 1956, the Ministry of Chemical Defense was formally established, and Zhang Nai was the first minister. In 1957, the Ministry of Chemical Defense began to perform the functions of the arms of the army, and was renamed the People's Liberation Army Chemical Defense Ministry. Today, the General Anti-Chemical Division has been incorporated into the General Armament Department.
On January 18, 1955, our army, the army, the sea and the air forces jointly launched a general attack on the Kuomintang army on the island of Panjiang, and the first fire-breathing of our army's anti-chemicals made a decisive success in the battle of the island. .
Yijiangshan Island is an important guarding target of the Kuomintang army. There are more than 1,100 defenders. The island has built a circular defense system with permanent and semi-permanent work as its backbone. The enemy used the terrain to carefully set up three defensive positions and four layers of firepower, and constructed 154 dark and dark castles. The frontiers are mostly permanent bunkers, connected with shackles and traffic shackles. They are very concealed and difficult to find and destroy. Moreover, the bunkers have a square wire camouflage net, making it difficult for infantry to blast and bomb.
In response to the enemy situation of Yijiangshan Island, in order to ensure the success of the landing, the East China Military Region decided to set up the Spitfire Company. This is the first fire-breathing company of our army. The Spitfire was equipped with 67 flamethrowers, which were assigned to the various infantry companies on the island, and established the "screening--blasting-spitfire--infantry fires into the enemy positions".
At 14:33, the landing began. Under the cover of the sea, air force and army artillery, the infantry launched an attack on the enemy's beachhead. When a certain regiment landed on the Haimen Reef, it was blocked by the firepower of the enemy waterline bunker. The firefighters assigned to the company used the fire tongue to directly spray the enemy bunkers, opening up a road for the company.
Erlian successfully landed on the Huangyan Reef, but when a row attacked the enemy's frontier position, the enemy's permanent firepower point was blocked and the casualties were large. The fire-fighting class leader Cheng Jianjun organized the fire-breathing group to subtly approach the enemy bunker and continuously spray. In an instant, the enemy's two bunkers were immediately swallowed by the sea of ​​fire, more than 10 enemies were burned to death, and a row took the opportunity to occupy the position.
Sanlian was blocked by the enemy's dark castle in Shanzui Village. The fire-breathing Yan Yanguang rushed up the enemy's bombs. In the case of serious injuries, he slammed against the enemy dark castle. The enemy dark castle was immediately reimbursed in the fire, and three consecutive wins were pursued.
In the early morning of the 19th, the gunshots subsided, and the army of Yijiangshan Island defended the enemy. In the entire landing operation, the fire-breathing fire destroyed 45 enemy bunkers, occupying 1/3 of the total number of enemy bunkers, 16 caves, 2 air-raid shelters, 2 other targets, and more than 200 enemy. Inflammation even injured 33 people, 11 people sacrificed, and 48 people won the battle.
2 Deeply contaminated area, known as "the sharp soldiers under the mushroom cloud"; fully capable of dealing with "saolin poison"
At 15 o'clock on October 16, 1964, with the mushroom cloud vacating, our army anti-chemical soldiers dressed in chemical protective suits, bravely rushed toward the mushroom cloud in armored vehicles.
The anti-chemical squadron rushing to the atomic bomb contaminated area is a mixed anti-chemical battalion built on the basis of a certain anti-chemical group. It has several direct detachments under the reconnaissance company, fixed washing and cleaning company, mobile washing company and the battalion department. A total of more than 350 people.
The mushroom cloud floats overhead, and the atomic radiation is still emitting a lot of energy. The scene after the atomic bomb explosion appears one by one in front of the anti-chemical soldiers: the electric poles are tumbling, the test objects are burning, the materials are blown around, and the roof is smashed. Some bunkers and fortifications were collapsed, the test car was blown over by the shock wave, and the hair on the test dog was burned. The anti-chemical reconnaissance detachment took the risk of being radiated into the area 2,900 meters away from the blasting heart, and gradually penetrated to 950 meters away from the blast, measured and recorded 20 points, and reported each to the command by radiotelephone. The radiation level of the point, the time, and the distance from the blasting distance.
The anti-chemicals are still advancing, and the radiation is still being cast, but the heroic anti-chemicals are not afraid of fear and go forward. At 600 meters from the blast, it was completely different: the test car became deformed, the house became ruin, the animals all died; the tank was blown over and the track was in the sky; the artillery left the gun and the barrel was shaken; More than 100 meters high iron frame melted. The anti-chemical soldiers wore dust-proof clothes and dust-proof boots to march hard on the 2-foot-thick loose soil. No one retreated. They measured the ground radiation level separately and found out the secret of the radiation intensity near the explosion.
The command headed by Zhang Aiping is anxiously looking forward to all kinds of data from the anti-chemicals, because the success of the atomic bomb depends on whether the data provided by the anti-chemicals has met the expected requirements. Half an hour after the atomic bombing, the anti-chemical reconnaissance detachment reported the scientific data of the nuclear explosion to the headquarters, and Zhang Aiping praised them for their achievements.
According to the requirements of Zhou Enlai's "One test, multi-benefit", the anti-chemical soldiers conducted a comprehensive inspection of the nuclear radiation detectors, nuclear explosion observers, decontamination equipment and protective equipment developed by China in the contaminated area, filling a number of scientific research. Blank, the first batch of anti-chemical reconnaissance detachments that entered the atomic bomb blast zone won the first class.
With the long sound of the alarm, the emergency rescue exercise of chemical poisons in a subway station in Beijing kicked off. An officer of an anti-chemical group in the Beijing Military Region took a demolition vehicle, a transport vehicle, and an ambulance, and rushed to the scene.
In March 1995, the gas incident in the Tokyo subway station in Japan caused a large number of deaths and poisonings, which shocked the world. Governments generally adopted preventive measures. In order to prevent problems, the General Staff gave the Beijing Military Region the task of this exercise. The exercise was based on the criminal group's "Salin poison" in the subway station. The rescue of the anti-chemical soldiers was divided into: rescue poisoning personnel, guide the protection of the masses; organize chemical monitoring, implement on-site decontamination; assist the public security department to collect evidence on the spot and control the poison source Organize reconnaissance, laboratory testing, and determine seven categories of toxic species and scope of exposure.
The first to enter the contaminated area was an advance detection team composed of anti-chemical scouts. They were dressed in chemical protective suits, carrying phosphoric acid alarms and detectors, flew to the scene, quickly identified the gas source, and sampled them. . Subsequently, the poison source was placed in the control box, transferred, and marked on site. After receiving the toxic source samples, the chemical control team immediately conducted laboratory analysis in the field laboratory to scientifically determine the type of drugs and the concentration of air exposure.
Then, the security team, the anti-chemical decontamination team, and the medical rescue team started their work. The security team set up a security warning line at the border of the poisoning area marked by the inspection team to help the public security personnel to be responsible for the warning of the poisonous area and prevent the masses from entering. The anti-chemical decontamination team flew in, but the car could not enter the subway station. While people were anxious, several anti-chemical soldiers came with a portable reprocessor and a small filter absorber. They quickly depleted the subway station and the train room. The inner circulation type filtration disinfection is performed on a room that cannot be cleaned with a disinfectant such as a transformer room, a dispatching room, or a power distribution room. The medical ambulance team quickly evacuated the poisoned personnel from the poison zone and sent them to the rear hospital for further treatment after the first aid for the use of phosphate, atropine, chlorhexidine and other drugs in the field ambulance.
Finally, the Type 79 shower car was decontaminated in the designated area for rescue units and rescue equipment.
The success of the exercise shows that our military has strengthened the anti-chemical company to use the existing equipment developed and produced by China to carry out chemical rescue on a small and medium-sized subway station that has been poisoned, and it can complete the task in four or five hours. Rescue means and timeliness They have reached the advanced level in the world.
3 The era of anti-chemical equipment for "multi-country manufacturing" has passed, and anti-chemical equipment has been localized.
Anti-chemical weapons are inseparable from anti-chemical equipment. In the first few years after the founding of New China, on the one hand, our army paid attention to collecting and repairing anti-virus equipment made by the United States, Japan and the Kuomintang army, and made some simple equipments. On the other hand, it introduced some anti-chemical equipment from the Soviet Union and copied them.
In 1959, our army succeeded in copying more than 20 types of anti-chemical equipment such as Soviet-style reconnaissance, protection, decontamination, smoking and fire-breathing, and formed a certain production capacity. From 1958 to the mid-1960s, our military combined technical research with tactical research, standard equipment research and applied equipment research, which promoted the development of the second generation of domestic anti-chemical equipment and application technology. For example, in 1965, the design of the lightweight gas mask, the air duct was removed, and the weight was lighter than that of the US military equipment.
In the 1960s, our army also developed anti-atomic bomb equipment. At the end of 1962, the anti-chemical soldiers received the radiation safety, protection and protection of the first nuclear test and related technical tests and ground and high-altitude sampling. To this end, the company has developed a total of 8 sets of 55 sets and 34 sets of special instruments, equipment and technical vehicles, with good performance. In many nuclear tests, our anti-chemical weapons have accomplished their tasks with such equipment.
In the 1970s, the anti-chemical weapons equipment took a new step. For example, the phosphating agent alarm in 1971 has adopted the latest technology and weighs only 1.2 kilograms, which fills the domestic gap. The new type of radiometer equipped, with the functions of both instruments, weighs only 1.2 kg. Designed in 1975, the nuclear explosion observer automatically turns on and measures the equivalent and distance.
In the 1980s, the development and development of anti-chemical equipment continued to move forward. In 1985, the development goals of the "Sixth Five-Year Plan" were achieved: the reconnaissance and testing equipment for nuclear and chemical weapons were developed; the poison alarms and testing equipment for industrial work filled the gaps in the engineering anti-chemical facilities; the nuclear explosion automatic observation instrument Increased reliability and greatly reduced false positive rate; portable anti-chemical staff tools using computer technology have greatly improved the speed and quality of nuclear estimation.
Since the 1990s, the anti-chemical weapons equipment and the anti-chemical equipment of other military units have developed greatly: large-scale multi-functional rapid decontamination equipment has doubled the decontamination and support capabilities of anti-chemical soldiers; The special anti-chemical equipment has been fully developed; the smoking equipment and the burning weapons have also developed newly; the professional support capability of the anti-chemical warfare, the self-inspection, self-defense, self-dissipation ability of the synthetic army, and the overall protection capability of the entire army have reached The new level.
In addition, our military's protection against chemical poisons has reached the world's advanced level.
On the stage of the international ban on chemical weapons, Chinese defense experts won the championship
In July 1990, the United Nations Chemical Disarmament Commission informed the Chinese delegation in Geneva and invited China to participate in the second round of international chemical verification verification experiments (referred to as "joint trials"). This is a preparatory work for the countries that are negotiating the Chemical Weapons Convention to be signed.
My delegation quickly sent this report to the desk headed by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the PLA General Staff through international fax.
Vice Foreign Minister Liu Huaqiu brows a joy: A year ago, Finland, France, West Germany, Canada, Australia, the Netherlands and other 10 countries conducted the first round of "joint trials". The second round of "joint trials" expanded the scope and invited China, the Soviet Union, India and other five countries participated, this is a good momentum!
In the mid-1980s, the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union eased. These two large countries with chemical weapons all expressed a new stance of banned chemical weapons. On June 1, 1990, US President Bush and Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev signed the "America and Soviet Chemical Weapons Agreement" in Washington. When the agreement came into effect, the two sides stopped producing chemical weapons and destroyed certain reserves of chemicals. arms. At the same time, the United Nations Chemical Disarmament Commission’s Special Committee on Chemical Weapons organized a set of scientists from some countries to conduct simulation verification experiments in order to establish a set of technical standards, methods, procedures and corresponding international chemical disarmament verification laboratories for chemical disarmament verification. Through discussion on the basis of practice, it can be generally accepted by all countries.
Obviously, China’s participation in chemical disarmament verification not only reflects China’s consistently positive stance on the negotiation of the Chemical Weapons Convention, but also helps to track the new development of international chemical disarmament as soon as possible, increase its voice on the international arena, and safeguard world peace. Make new contributions. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs completed all the coordination work on participating in the international "joint test" in almost one day, and created all favorable conditions for our military anti-chemicals to go to the world.
Chief of Staff Chi Haotian’s attitude is very clear: participate! Fight for China and contribute to world peace. Soon, the expert group composed of the defense experts of the PLA, Zhong Yuzheng, Lu Baojia, Ma Yuanjun, Bian Shuqing, Cao Junzhong, Chen Zhisheng, etc., represented China in the second round of international verification "joint trial", and Zhong Yuzheng was appointed as the expert group leader.
For the first time, China has entered the international verification "joint trial", and opportunities and risks coexist.
Zhong Yuzheng is very clear. There are five unfavorable conditions in front of the expert group: First, the opponent is strong. In this round of "joint trials", there are 15 countries including the United States, the Soviet Union, the British and the French. Most of these countries are developed countries, with world-class laboratories, advanced equipment and strong technical strength, and most of them have participated in the first round of "joint trials." Second, the time is tight. After receiving the sample, report the analysis result within one month, otherwise the qualification for the test will be cancelled. Third, it is difficult. There is no specific background information for sample analysis. It is only known to check a chemical plant. Fourth, the equipment is poor. Our experimental equipment is mostly in the 1970s. It is old and backward, and it is difficult to meet the technical requirements. Fifth, there is little experience. We have not participated in such multinational experiments. I don't know what samples will be encountered and what will happen.
Just as the Chinese expert group analyzed difficulties and sought countermeasures one by one, from the UN Chemical Disarmament Commission, some Western countries expressed doubts about China's analytical skills and capabilities.
Greatly challenging, it brings great excitement. Lu Baojia, who usually does not like to speak in a large audience, suddenly popped up a sentence: "The time has come to serve the motherland, and we will see our actions for the country to win glory!"
On November 13, 1990, the test team received a notice from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and the samples were taken back by the Chinese Embassy in Australia. Zhong Yuzheng estimated that the sample packaging may be relatively large. She told the relevant comrades to send a van to pick it up. When I arrived at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, everyone saw it when they saw the sample. The messenger gave them a large envelope with two playing-size metal boxes containing 29 glass tubes slightly larger than the cigarettes. . The requirements are: simulating a "factory", whether it is "secret production of chemical poisons", must report the test results within one month after receiving the verification samples, and cancel the qualification for the test overdue.
A glass tube is like a "magic bottle", and some have a cotton swab.
Some have a few drops of liquid, and the amount of sample is very small. Even if it is poisoned, it is a trace amount. It needs to be tested with a measurement of several billionths of a gram. The difficulty can be imagined.
Chinese experts have begun to implement a plan to fight against the attack: get as much information as possible before opening the "magic bottle". Assistant researcher Cao Junzhong asked: "The water sample is not opened and put on the nuclear magnetic instrument for testing. It is known whether it contains organic phosphorus compounds." Assistant engineer Lin Hanjie asked: "I can open the tube for analysis." At 12 o'clock in the evening, Cao Junzhong reports: water The sample contains organic phosphorus compounds. Lin Hanjie reported that six compounds were found in 29 glass tubes.
However, in the long period after opening the "magic bottle", in addition to detecting some general organic phosphides, it has not been found that the "factory" being verified has an abnormal phenomenon. At this time, the experts focused on the glass tube of a water sample. Only 0.8 ml of water sample floated a drop of oil beads smaller than the millet grains. Zhong Yuzheng believes that the most difficult sample is most likely to get direct information. She decided: "Open the breakthrough on this small oil bead and take the water and the substance to be tested in the oil." How to capture the small oil beads? The team leader Zhong Yuzheng developed the separation and extraction steps, Professor Li Zhengxin Zhou Lian, the lecturer, and Liu Jingquan, the experimenter, took the method of "air" capture and cooperated closely under the magnifying glass. After many experiments, the small oil beads were finally sucked out and the degradation products of the poison in the sample were detected. The situation of the entire analysis and testing work.
Then, each professional group carefully studied the situation and overcame many difficulties. On December 3rd, the degradation product of the neurotoxic agent "octyl-salin" was discovered. Based on this information, everyone was able to find out all the chemicals in the 29 samples. Finally, all the comrades of the expert group carefully discussed all the identified sample materials, and re-checked all the maps and data until they were fully sure before making a definitive opinion.
December 14 is the deadline for filing by the United Nations Chemical Disarmament Commission. At 3 o'clock in the morning, the lab was still brightly lit. The experts reviewed the data and maps of all the tests. In order to be foolproof, they decided to make another "parallel certificate" on one of the data.
Before the test report was issued, Lu Baojia thought twice and suggested that he should keep improving and attach a picture. This icon shows that the "Joint Test" simulates a dichlorvos factory. The samples in the 29 tubes are from raw material tanks, product tanks, waste water and waste gas. At 20 o'clock, the No. 6 laboratory led by Zhong Yuzheng represented China and reported the results to the technical secretariat of the UN Chemical Disarmament Commission by telex.
On December 28th, the Chinese national defense experts received a background material sent by the country of the test to the laboratories of the participating countries on October 30, accompanied by a picture showing the simulated verification of a dichlorvos raw material. In the pesticide factory, samples of 29 tubes were taken from each other. The drawings and background materials were identical to those reported by Chinese experts.
The second round of "co-test" to find such neurotoxic agents, only the Netherlands, Switzerland, China and three countries found out. But why do people find the poison itself, and what we find is only the degradation products of the poison? Foreign experts compared the test records and found that China received the sample 13 days late and received 58 days late for the background material. This comparison has once again caused a sensation--China has achieved the highest record-breaking rate under adverse conditions that are completely ignorant of the specific background.
In the successive "joint trials" that have been attended since then, our military anti-chemical experts have made persistent efforts, and have achieved ten top-ranking achievements, earning honors for our army and contributing to world peace.
Source: China Radio Network
[Editor: Chen Guofang]
Good things not only need to be collected, but also don't forget to share friends!
1. Coagulation and Flocculation: In this step, chemicals are added to the water to make small particles clump together and form larger particles called floc.
2. Sedimentation: The floc settles to the bottom of the tank and is removed from the water.
3. Filtration: Water is passed through layers of sand, gravel, and charcoal to remove any remaining particles and impurities.
4. Disinfection: Chlorine or other disinfectants are added to kill any remaining bacteria and viruses.
There are also several water treatment plans that can be implemented to ensure safe and clean water. These plans include:
1. Reverse Osmosis: This process involves forcing water through a membrane that removes impurities and contaminants.
2. UV Treatment: Water is exposed to UV light, which kills bacteria and viruses.
3. Ozonation: Ozone gas is added to water to kill bacteria and viruses.
4. Ion Exchange: This process involves exchanging ions in the water to remove impurities.
In conclusion, water treatment is a vital process that helps ensure safe and clean water for consumption and other uses. The process involves several steps and there are various treatment plans that can be implemented to achieve this goal.
Water Treatment Pump,Water Treatment Equipment,stainless stell pump.ro equipment , ro pump,swro pump
Zhejiang Botuolini Machinery Co.,Ltd , https://www.chinaplungerpump.com