During the hot summer season, vegetable farmers often face challenges when applying pesticides, as vegetables are highly susceptible to phytotoxicity. Agricultural experts have identified several key causes behind this issue:
Firstly, phytotoxicity can result from herbicide drift. After wheat harvesting, it's a peak time for applying corn herbicides. However, vegetables are very sensitive to these chemicals. Some plants in the summer cucumber sheds have been affected by herbicides, showing symptoms like yellowing and leaf drying, especially on the side facing the shed. To prevent such issues, farmers should conduct regular inspections and ensure that vents are closed during herbicide spraying to avoid drift.
Secondly, excessive use of growth regulators can lead to problems. In high-temperature conditions inside greenhouses, especially with high night temperatures, vegetables consume more nutrients, which may cause overgrowth and affect flowering and fruit set. To manage this, many farmers use growth inhibitors like auxin, chlormequat, and paclobutrazol. However, some farmers increase hormone concentrations or repeat applications without proper guidance, leading to hormone poisoning. It is important to follow instructions and apply these substances only when necessary and according to plant needs.
Thirdly, improper disease management can also cause phytotoxicity. High humidity due to frequent watering and rainy weather creates ideal conditions for diseases. Some farmers spray pesticides under intense sunlight at noon, using high concentrations or applying them too frequently, which can harm the plants. Therefore, it’s crucial to apply the right amount of pesticide at the appropriate time and avoid overuse.
Lastly, if phytotoxicity occurs, prompt action is essential. Immediate steps include washing leaves with water, applying antidote solutions, and adjusting fertilizer and irrigation practices. For example, cytokinin can help reduce the effects of auxin or chlormequat. If herbicides cause damage, products like Huifufeng active liquid fertilizer, 800-times diluted harvesting No.1, or a 0.05% 920 solution can be used to detoxify and repair cells. Additionally, applying quick-acting nitrogen fertilizers like urea can help revive the plants, while potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed multiple times to speed up recovery.
By understanding these causes and taking timely measures, farmers can better protect their crops and ensure healthy growth throughout the summer season.
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