In the sweltering summer heat, vegetable farmers often face a common issue: phytotoxicity caused by pesticide spraying. Agricultural experts have identified several key factors contributing to this problem:
First, herbicide drift is a major cause of plant damage. After wheat harvesting, it's peak time for applying corn herbicides, but vegetables are highly sensitive to these chemicals. Some summer crops, like cucumbers, may suffer from yellowing and drying leaves, especially those directly exposed to the spray. To prevent this, farmers should ensure that vents in greenhouses are closed during spraying and conduct regular inspections to avoid contamination.
Second, overuse of growth regulators can lead to phytotoxicity. High temperatures in greenhouses during summer increase nutrient consumption, making plants more prone to excessive growth, which affects flowering and fruiting. Many farmers use growth inhibitors such as auxin, chlormequat, and paclobutrazol to balance vegetative and reproductive growth. However, some farmers mistakenly increase hormone concentration or apply them repeatedly, leading to hormone poisoning. It's essential to follow instructions carefully and apply these substances only when necessary.
Third, improper disease management can also cause phytotoxicity. High humidity due to frequent watering and rainy weather creates ideal conditions for diseases. Spraying pesticides at high noon under intense sunlight, using overly concentrated solutions, or applying them too frequently can harm plants. Farmers should choose the right time, correct dosage, and appropriate products to minimize risks.
Fourth, if phytotoxicity occurs, immediate action is crucial. Washing leaves with water can help reduce chemical exposure. Applying remedies such as cytokinin can counteract the effects of auxin or chlormequat on fruits. For herbicide damage, products like Huifufeng active liquid fertilizer, 800-times diluted Harvest No.1, or a 0.05% 920 solution can detoxify and repair damaged cells. Additionally, increasing the application of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizers like urea can help revive the plants. Spraying 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2–3 times can further support recovery.
By understanding these causes and taking timely measures, farmers can effectively reduce the risk of phytotoxicity and protect their crops during the hot season.
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