Recently, the author has seen symptoms of potassium deficiency in cotton, rice, corn, soybeans, peanuts and other crops in several provinces in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. In addition to the lack of potassium in some soils, it is largely related to the growth of crops this year. During the period, the amount of potassium lost was more related to the loss of potassium.
From the point of view of cotton, most cotton fields have potassium deficiency. The lower cotton leaves have yellow-white spots in the early stage, and then the edges of the leaves are reddish with brown spots, and the severe leaf edges begin to scorch. The leaves of potassium-deficient old leaves have reddish-brown spots, the leaves are buck-like, and the stems are easy to fall or even break. The young leaves of maize lacking potassium turned yellow, the plants were short, and the edges of the old leaves were dry and brown. Soybean potassium deficiency leaves are yellow at the edges, some shrink and curl downward, and the middle of the leaves remains green. Peanut-deficient potassium leaves are light green and the leaves are scorched. The common feature of potassium deficiency in these crops is that the tip of the lower leaves turns yellow and gradually turns yellow along the edge of the leaves, but remains green on both sides of the veins and in the middle of the leaves. Most of the leaves with severe potassium deficiency have yellow or scorch.
Potassium fertilizer has many functions in the growth and development of crops. First, it can increase the swell pressure of crop cells, make the cells rich in elasticity, and control the opening or closing of the cells of the leaf cells, which is beneficial to the crops to absorb more carbon dioxide and produce carbon water. The compound forms sugar and starch; the second is to promote root development, absorb more water, relieve water evaporation, and correspondingly improve the drought resistance of crops; third, potassium is mainly present in stems and leaves, which can promote stalk cellulose. Development, enhance the stalk support ability, enhance the ability to resist lodging and resist pests and diseases; Fourth, potassium plays an important role in the transformation and transportation of nutrients in crops, and can accelerate the absorption and utilization of other nutrients; Increasing the yield of crops, such as the application of potassium fertilizer to insect-resistant cotton, can greatly increase the yield and improve the quality of crops.
In view of the general shortage of potassium in crops this year, it is necessary to apply potassium fertilizer in time.
First, it is necessary to distinguish between different soils using potassium fertilizer. Potassium fertilizer application in soil can generally increase production, but the yield increase of different soils is different. After the potassium fertilizer is applied to the soil, the viscous soil can absorb more potassium fertilizer, and the loss is less, while the sandy soil has poor adsorption capacity, and the available potassium is easy to be lost. Therefore, the viscous soil can be supplemented with a little potassium fertilizer at one time, and the potassium soil is applied at the same time. The yield increase is obvious, but it should be applied in divided doses.
Second, it should be applied according to different crop types. The compatibility of crops with potassium fertilizer is better, but because the composition of potassium fertilizer is not completely the same, some components have inhibitory effects on the growth and development of some crops, such as tobacco, potatoes, watermelon, tea, etc., which are very sensitive to chloride ions. The application of potassium chloride will reduce the yield of these crops and deteriorate the quality. If these crops are selected with potassium sulphate, both production and efficiency can be increased. However, the effect of potassium chloride on cotton, rice, corn, soybean and other crops is relatively good.
Third, focus on application techniques. Faced with the current situation of more potassium loss in the rain this year, it is necessary to quickly apply potassium fertilizer to the potassium-deficient crops. First, for crops with large row spacing and long growth period, it can be used to open trenches or holes in the line to apply potassium sulphate, about 10 kg per mu; second, 0.2%~0.3% phosphoric acid is sprayed outside the roots. Dihydrogen potassium or 1% potassium sulfate solution, or 1% urea and 1% potassium sulfate mixture; Third, from the actual market in each place, the selection of effective local application of high-level foliar potassium fertilizer.
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