In order to strengthen the scientific guidance of fertilization in spring crops, the expert group of soil testing and fertilization technology of the Ministry of Agriculture combined with the characteristics of fertilizers for main crops, and based on the results of soil testing and formula fertilization projects, the research and development of the "Guidelines for the Technical Fertilization of Main Crops in Spring 2012" was formulated. . The general requirements are: local conditions to determine the rational fertilization amount of different regions and different crops, optimize fertilization period, use scientific fertilization method to improve fertilizer utilization rate; encourage more organic fertilizer application, advocate straw returning, improve soil and improve soil comprehensive output Capacity; according to the characteristics of less rain and low temperature this spring, we can rationally regulate water and fertilizer management and improve crop resilience.
First, winter wheat (266811.000.41%)
(1) Winter wheat in the North China Plain 1. Principles of fertilizer and water management (1) According to the application status of the bottom (base) fertilizer, seedling condition and soil fertility status, the amount and time of topdressing are scientifically determined, and the seedlings are topdressed due to seedlings.
(2) According to soil moisture and water retention and fertilizer conservation capacity, the amount and time of irrigation should be reasonably determined, and water and fertilizer management should be combined.
(3) Grasp the favorable opportunity of soil thawing in early spring and wheat to green jointing, timely adopting measures to promote the control of weak seedlings, increase the rate of ear formation, and control the long field to prevent the late fall.
2. Guidance on fertilizer and water management (1) Before returning to green, the total number of stems per acre is less than 450,000, and the three types of wheat fields with lighter leaf color and poor growth should be managed in time for fertilizer and water. Spring topdressing can be carried out twice. For the first time in the greening period, 5~8 kg of urea was applied per acre with watering; the second time in the jointing stage, 5~10 kg of urea was applied per acre with watering.
(2) Before returning to green, the total number of stems per acre is between 45,000 and 600,000, and the second group of wheat fields with a small population is 10 to 15 kilograms of urea per acre combined with watering in the wheat body. Wheat fields with weak wheat seedlings and insufficient population can be topdressed and watered in the early stage from the beginning to the beginning of the body. The suitable wheat field should be topdressed and watered in the late stage.
(3) Before the greening, the total number of stems per acre is between 60,000 and 800,000, and the suitable group of wheat fields can be combined with watering for 12 to 15 kilograms per acre.
(4) Before returning to green, the total number of stems per acre is more than 800,000, the color of leaves is dark green, and there is a tendency to grow. The cultivating should be carried out in the greening period to reduce the application of nitrogen fertilizer, control the group length, prevent lodging and gluttony. Generally, 8~10 kg of urea can be applied per acre in the late stage of jointing.
(5) Dryland wheat fields without watering conditions should be combined with refining and raking to improve the drought resistance of wheat. In the early spring, the soil is returned to the pulp or rain, and 5~7 kg of urea is applied per acre with fertilizer or ditch. In the middle and late growth period, 5-8 kg of urea can be applied per mu.
(6) It is necessary to apply the diammonium phosphate to the base fertilizer without applying phosphate fertilizer or phosphorus deficiency field. If there is no irrigation condition or no effective precipitation, the spraying of urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the spring can be used to fertilize the water. effect.
(7) Conditional areas can spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer on the foliar surface of wheat during flowering and filling, prevent dry hot air and lodging, increase grouting intensity and increase grain weight.
(8) In areas with sulfur deficiency, calcium phosphate, potassium sulfate, sulfur-based compound fertilizer should be preferred in the application of base fertilizer, or in the first top dressing, ammonium sulfate should be selected for the top dressing, and about 2 kg of elemental sulfur should be applied per mu. .
(2) Northwestern dryland winter wheat 1. Fertilizer and water management principles (1) Due to the heavy rains in the autumn last year, the rumors before the sowing are good. This spring should be aimed at different areas of lyrics, before the wheat is returned to the green, to protect the soil moisture and promote the transformation of the seedlings. .
(2) In response to the situation of the seedlings, seize the opportunity, carry out the early spring topping and chemical regulation, and promote the combination of control to ensure stable production and increase production of dryland wheat.
2. Guidance on fertilizer and water management (1) In order to prevent post-rain drought, dryland wheat should take effective water conservation measures in time to prevent and reduce the loss of soil moisture before the early spring wheat closure. Relieve the soil in time before the soil is thawed and re-greened, remove the dirt, solidify the soil, and provide protection. The suppression should be combined with the slashing. For the dry land that has been overwintered, the water is drained before the thawing and greening, and the knot is removed to eliminate cracks. Before the wheat is closed, 200-300 kg of wheat or corn (24885.000.20%) straw can be covered between rows to reduce soil evaporation loss.
(2) In the field where the fertilizer is insufficiently invested, it is necessary to seize the opportunity to carry out the early spring wheat topdressing in due course. Dryland wheat can be topped in the middle of March or combined with rainfall fertilization. The nitrogen-deficient field uses 5-7 kg of urea per acre, and the phosphate-poor field uses 7-10 kg of diammonium phosphate per acre. ) Applied to the soil. Dry land with irrigation conditions, combined with spring irrigation, 6-8 kg of urea per acre of nitrogen-deficient fields, and 8-10 kg of diammonium phosphate per acre of phosphate-poor field.
(3) For the pre-winter Wangchangtian block caused by early planting and high fertilization amount, it is necessary to promote control and combination. For dry land without irrigation conditions, it is necessary to refine the paddy, raise and protect the grain as early as possible; for the dry land where the wintering water is poured, the paddy should be drawn early and the spring watering should be postponed until the late stage of jointing.
(4) For the field where the planting is late and the seedlings are weak, it is advisable to combine the shovel as early as possible to improve the ground temperature and promote the weak seedlings.
(III) Winter wheat in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River 1. Principles of fertilizer and water management (1) According to the application of base fertilizer, seedlings and soil moisture, the amount of topdressing and irrigation is determined scientifically, and the soil is fertilized by seedlings.
(2) The combination of fertilizer and water management and drought resistance and drainage. 2. Guidance on fertilizer and water management (1) Timely spring irrigation. Pay close attention to the weather conditions before the wheat returns to green, especially the rainfall (snow). If the drought persists, the weather will pick up in the early spring, the soil evaporation will increase, and the wheat seedlings will have early water supply when there is a demand for soil moisture. Pay attention to the temperature change and master the irrigation amount and time.
(2) Timely remediation of frozen wheat fields in winter. Comprehensive judgment based on winter frost damage and group situation. If there are more large-scale frozen deaths or serious shortages of the group, the irrigation should be combined as soon as possible, and the green fertilizer should be applied to promote the large-scale springs and ensure the number of panicles.
(3) Due to the seedlings due to seedlings. For the wheat field with late sowing, large amount of straw returning, insufficient application of base fertilizer, and wheat field that has been de-fertilized and yellowed, 5~10 kg of urea is applied per mu in the early spring returning period, and 5~10 per urea is applied in the jointing and booting stage. kg. For the wheat field with the total number of stems and the normal leaf color, the urea can be applied 10~15 kg per acre at the jointing and booting stage.
Second, rice (a) Northeast (Heilongjiang, etc.) cold rice 1. The main problems existed In some areas, the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer is too high, the application period is unreasonable, the proportion of manure is large, and the application of panicle fertilizer is insufficient.
2. Fertilization principle (1) Reasonably adjust the base and proportion of nitrogen fertilizer, so that the nitrogen in the base fertilizer accounts for about 45% of the total nitrogen application rate, reduces the tillering fertilizer, and increases the application rate of the ear fertilizer.
(2) For acidic soils, it is recommended to select alkaline calcium, magnesium and phosphate fertilizers for phosphate fertilizer. (3) Potassium fertilizer can be preferentially selected for potassium chloride, and the amount of potassium fertilizer can be appropriately reduced in the land where the straw is returned to the field.
(4) According to the soil test results, the application of trace elements and silicon-containing fertilizers. (5) Using water-saving irrigation, topdressing “with water and nitrogenâ€. 3. Fertilization amount and proportion (1) In the field of rice with a target yield of 500-600 kg/mu, cold rice nitrogen fertilizer (N) 6~8 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 3~4 kg/mu, potash fertilizer ( K2O) 3~5 kg/mu; in areas where zinc deficiency or boron deficiency is applied, 1~2 kg of zinc sulfate per acre or 0.5~0.75 kg of borax; in the field of acid-soiled soil, suitable base is silicon-alkaline fertilizer.
(2) 40%~45% of nitrogen fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, 20%~25% is used as manure fertilizer, 30%~35% is used as panicle fertilizer; phosphate fertilizer is used as base fertilizer; 50% of potassium fertilizer is used as base fertilizer and 50% is used as panicle fertilizer.
(II) Double-season early rice in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River 1. The main problem of nitrogen fertilizer is high. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer used in the early stage is too large, and the application of organic fertilizer is less. 2. Fertilization principles (1) Appropriately reduce the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer and increase the proportion of panicle fertilizer. (2) Deep application of base fertilizer, topdressing "with water with nitrogen".
(3) Phosphate fertilizer is preferred for calcium or calcium magnesium phosphate. (4) Add organic fertilizer and promote straw returning. 3. Fertilization amount and proportion (1) Under the condition of 400-450 kg per mu, the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer (N) 8~11 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 4~5 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 4~5 Kg/mu; in areas where zinc is deficient or boron-deficient, apply appropriate amount of zinc or boron fertilizer; suitable base for application of silicon-containing fertilizer.
(2) 50%~60% of nitrogen fertilizer as base fertilizer, 20%~25% as manure, 10%~15% as panicle fertilizer; phosphate fertilizer as all base fertilizer; 50%~60% of potash fertilizer as base fertilizer, 40%~50% as Spike fertilizer.
(3) The amount of base fertilizer can be appropriately reduced by applying organic fertilizer or planting green manure. In the land where straw is returned to the field, the amount of potassium fertilizer can be reduced by about 30%.
(III) Mid-season rice in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River 1. The main problems existed: the amount of organic fertilizer was small; the nitrogen fertilizer was generally excessive, and the application was too much in the early stage; the base fertilizer was applied in large amount after the water was applied to the ground.
2. Fertilization principles (1) Add organic fertilizer, organic and inorganic.
(2) Control the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer, adjust the proportion of base fertilizer and top dressing, and reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the previous period.
(3) Deep application of base fertilizer, topdressing "with water with nitrogen".
(4) In the “oil-rice†rotation field, the amount of phosphorus fertilizer in rice should be appropriately reduced. 3. Fertilization amount and proportion (1) Under the condition of 550~600 kg per mu, the nitrogen fertilizer (N) dosage of japonica rice is 14~16 kg/mu, and the nitrogen fertilizer (N) dosage of japonica rice is 10~14 kg/mu; phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 3~5 kg/mu; potash fertilizer (K2O) 4~6 kg/mu. The zinc-deficient soil is applied with 1 kg of zinc sulfate per acre; suitable base is applied with silicon fertilizer.
(2) Nitrogen fertilizer base fertilizer accounts for 40%~50%, manure fertilizer accounts for 20%~30%, panicle fertilizer accounts for 20%~30%; organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer all base application; potassium fertilizer base fertilizer (60%~70%) and Spike fertilizer (30%~40%) was applied twice.
(3) The amount of base fertilizer can be appropriately reduced by applying organic fertilizer or planting green manure.
(IV) Mid-season rice in the southwestern region 1. The main problems existed: the amount of organic fertilizer was small; the period of nitrogen fertilizer allocation was unreasonable, and the application was too much in the early stage; the base fertilizer was applied after the water was applied to the ground; some soils were acidified.
2. Fertilization principles (1) Add organic fertilizers and promote the combination of organic and inorganic.
(2) Adjust the ratio of base fertilizer to top dressing and reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer used in the previous period. (3) Deep application of base fertilizer, topdressing "with water with nitrogen".
(4) Appropriately reduce the amount of phosphorus fertilizer in rice in the oil rice field.
(5) Select medium and low concentration phosphate fertilizers, such as calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and calcium, etc.; potassium fertilizer to choose potassium chloride.
(6) In a field with a soil pH of 5.5 or less, a silicon-containing alkaline fertilizer or a base-based quicklime is suitably applied.
3. Fertilization amount and proportion (1) Under the condition of 550~600 kg per mu, the nitrogen fertilizer (N) dosage of japonica rice is 9~12 kg/mu, and the nitrogen fertilizer (N) dosage of japonica rice is 8~11 kg/mu; phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 3~5 kg/mu; potash fertilizer (K2O) 3~5 kg/mu.
(2) Nitrogen fertilizer base fertilizer accounts for 35%~55%, manure fertilizer accounts for 20%~30%, panicle fertilizer accounts for 25%~35%; organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer are all applied; potassium fertilizer base fertilizer (60%~70%) and Spike fertilizer (30%~40%) was applied twice.
(3) In the zinc-deficient and boron-deficient areas, the appropriate amount of zinc fertilizer and boron fertilizer should be applied; in the soil with strong acidity, the application of siliceous alkaline fertilizer or quicklime should be 30~50 kg per mu.
(5) South China double-season early rice 1. The main problems of nitrogen fertilizer are generally applied excessively, and the application in the early stage is excessive; some soil acidification is serious.
2. Fertilization principles (1) Control the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer, adjust the base and the proportion of chasing, reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the early stage, and implement the shift of nitrogen fertilizer.
(2) Deep application of base fertilizer, topdressing "with water with nitrogen".
(3) Phosphate fertilizer is preferred for calcium or calcium magnesium phosphate.
(4) Zinc deficiency field, submerged rice paddy field and low temperature and widowed area supplemented with trace element zinc fertilizer.
3. Fertilization amount and proportion (1) Under the condition of 400-450 kg per mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) is recommended to be 8~11 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) is 3~4 kg/mu; potash fertilizer (K2O) 4~ 5 kg / mu; zinc sulfate soil should be properly applied zinc sulfate.
(2) Nitrogen application in divided applications, base fertilizer accounted for 40% to 50%, tiller fertilizer accounted for 25% to 30%, panicle fertilizer accounted for 20% to 25%; phosphate fertilizer was applied at all; potassium fertilizer 50% to 60% as base fertilizer, 40% ~50% as a panicle fertilizer.
(3) The amount of base fertilizer can be appropriately reduced in the field where organic fertilizer is applied; in the plot where the straw is returned to the field, the amount of potassium fertilizer can be appropriately reduced by 30%.
(4) In the soil with strong acidity, the application of siliceous alkaline fertilizer or quicklime is about 50 kg per mu.
Third, the northeast spring corn 1. The main problems are that part of the area of ​​excessive nitrogen application per unit area, nitrogen fertilizer one-time fertilization area is large, in some areas easy to cause pre-burning, burning seedlings and later de-fertilization. Second, the application rate of phosphate fertilizer in the central black soil area is too large, and the application period and mode of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are unreasonable, and the phosphorus and potassium fertilizer efficiency is not fully exerted. Third, the application amount of organic fertilizer is small, and the proportion of straw returning to the field is low. Fourth, the planting density is low, and the number of seedlings is insufficient, which affects the application effect of fertilizer. Fifth, the soil layer is too shallow, affecting the development of the root system, and easy to fall and fall.
2. Fertilization principles (1) Control the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer, apply nitrogen fertilizer in different times, use diammonium phosphate as seed fertilizer, appropriately reduce the amount of base fertilizer, and make full use of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.
(2) Plots with high effective potassium content and low yield levels may be applied with or without potassium fertilizer when organic fertilizer is applied.
(3) Pay attention to the application of zinc fertilizer in soil with high pH value, high yield plot and zinc-deficient soil; for the long-term application of chlorine-based compound fertilizer, the application of sulfur-based compound fertilizer should be changed.
(4) Increase the amount of organic fertilizer and increase the strength of straw returning to the field.
(5) Promote the application of high-yield and high-dense varieties, appropriately increase the planting density of corn, increase the yield of corn, and give full play to the effect of fertilizer.
(6) Deep pine breaks the bottom layer of the plow, promotes root development and improves water and fertilizer use efficiency.
3. Fertilization amount and proportion (1) The output level is below 500 kg/mu: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 10~12 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 4~5 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 0~3 kg/mu.
(2) The production level is 500~650 kg/mu: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 12~14 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 4~6 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 3~5 kg/mu.
(3) The production level is above 650 kg/mu: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 12~16 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 4~6 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 4~5 kg/mu.
If the base fertilizer is applied with organic fertilizer, the amount of chemical fertilizer can be reduced as appropriate. Appropriate application of zinc fertilizer and iron fertilizer in zinc-deficient and iron-deficient soils. In areas covered with mulch, it may be considered to use slow-release fertilizers to reduce the number of top dressings when applying the base fertilizer.
4. Rape (1) Winter rape in the Yangtze River Basin 1. Main problems in the Yangtze River Basin The use of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the rapeseed production in the Yangtze River Basin is generally low, the proportion of nutrients is not coordinated, the application of organic fertilizer is insufficient, the rate of returning straw is low, and trace elements such as boron are lacking. happens sometimes.
2. The principle of topdressing fertilizer (1) According to the soil effective boron condition, supplement the boron fertilizer, pay attention to the use of qualified boron fertilizer.
(2) Add fertilizer to the plot where the amount of nitrogen applied to the base is insufficient. (3) Pay attention to clearing the ditch to prevent spring stains. 3. Fertilization amount and proportion (1) Production of 100 kg/mu or less: timely application of manure, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 2 kg/mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 1 kg/mu. The base fertilizer has no field for applying boron fertilizer. In the early stage of convulsion to flowering, the surface of the leaf is sprayed with borax 0.2 kg/mu.
(2) Production of 100~150 kg/mu: timely application of manure, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 2.5 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 2 kg/mu. The base fertilizer has no field for applying boron fertilizer. In the early stage of convulsion to flowering, the surface of the leaf is sprayed with borax 0.2 kg/mu.
(3) The production level is 150~200 kg/mu: timely application of manure, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 3.0 kg/mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 2.5 kg/mu. The base fertilizer has no field for applying boron fertilizer. In the early stage of convulsion to flowering, the lob sand is sprayed with 0.3 kg/mu.
(4) The production level is above 200 kg/mu: timely application of manure, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 3.5 kg/mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 3 kg/mu. The base fertilizer has no field for applying boron fertilizer. In the early stage of convulsion to flowering, the lob sand is sprayed with 0.3 kg/mu.
If the base fertilizer is applied with organic fertilizer, the amount of chemical fertilizer can be reduced as appropriate. In the sulfur-deficient areas, calcium phosphate, potassium sulfate, and sulfur-based compound fertilizers should be preferred when applying the base fertilizer, or in the first topdressing, the ammonium fertilizer should be selected from the topdressing fertilizers, and about 2 kg of elemental sulfur should be applied per mu. In view of the long-term low-temperature and low-light climate in the main producing areas from the winter of 2011 to the spring of 2012, the situation of rapeseed seedlings is weak, and it is necessary to apply fertilizers in time according to the actual situation of each place. Pay attention to combined with irrigation or after rain to improve fertilizer utilization.
(2) Northern spring rape 1. The main problems existed in one-time fertilization, and obvious de-fertilization in the later stage; partial application of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers, little application of organic fertilizer and straw returning; due to the influence of lyrics, the quality of sowing was not high and the density was not enough.
2. Fertilization principles (1) Nitrogen fertilizers are applied in different stages to prevent post-fertilization. (2) Apply boron fertilizer, zinc fertilizer and sulfur fertilizer.
(3) Add organic fertilizer and use the post-harvest water and heat resources to grow green manure. (4) Improve the quality of planting, do a good job of ensuring the planting, and appropriately increase the planting density.
3. Fertilization amount and proportion (1) Yield level below 100 kg/mu: nitrogen fertilizer (N) dosage 6 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 3 kg/mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 2 kg/mu, zinc sulfate 0.5 kg/ mu.
(2) The production level is 100~150 kg/mu: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 6~8 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 4 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 2.5 kg/mu, zinc sulfate 1 kg/mu.
(3) The production level is above 150~200 kg/mu: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 8 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 5 kg/mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 2.5 kg/mu, zinc sulfate 1.5 kg/mu.
(4) The production level is above 200 kg/mu: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 8~9 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 5~6 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 3 kg/mu, zinc sulfate 1.5 kg/mu.
Nitrogen fertilizer base and topdressing are 50% each, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are all used as base fertilizer. In addition, it is recommended to mix seeds with 0.1~0.2 kg/mu of boron fertilizer before planting, and select sulfur-containing fertilizers such as superphosphate, ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate and sulfur-based compound fertilizer.
5. Northeast soybean (45229.000.20%)
1. Problems In the northeast spring soybean production, the application period and mode of fertilizer are unreasonable, the application amount of organic fertilizer is small, and the proportion of straw returning to the field is low, resulting in low fertilizer efficiency.
2. Fertilization principles (1) According to the results of soil testing, the proportion of phosphate fertilizer should be appropriately reduced. For high-yield soybeans, the amount of fertilizer can be appropriately increased, and the nitrogen fertilizer should be promoted.
(2) On the acidic soil, it is recommended to choose calcium, magnesium and phosphate fertilizers.
(3) Advocate lateral deep fertilization, the fertilization position is 5~7 cm on the side of the seed and 5~8 cm below the seed; if the lateral deep fertilization is not possible, layered fertilization can be applied, and the depth of fertilization is 3~4 cm below the seed. 3,6~8cm accounted for 2/3; when it is difficult to achieve layered fertilization, shallow fertilization is adopted in the high-cold organic matter in the north, and deep fertilization is adopted in other areas, especially the phosphate fertilizer should be concentrated and applied to the plant 10 cm.
(4) Supplementing boron fertilizer and molybdenum fertilizer, in areas with less symptoms, it is possible to adopt micro-fertilizer seed dressing, and it is best to mix seed dressing with rhizobium agent to improve the efficiency of tumor-bearing.
(5) Strengthen the matching of fertilization and cultivation techniques. 3. Fertilization amount and proportion According to soybean nutrient demand, the application ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (N~P2O5~K2O) is 1:1.2:0.3~0.5 in high-fertility soil; nitrogen and potassium dosage can be appropriately increased in low-fertility soil, NPK The application ratio is 1:1:0.3-0.5.
(1) Target yield 130~150 kg/mu: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 2~3 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 2~3 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 1~2 kg/mu.
(2) Target yield 150~175 kg/mu: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 3~4 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 3~4 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 1~2 kg/mu.
(3) The target output is more than 175 kg/mu: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 3~4 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 4~5 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 2~3 kg/mu. In low-fertility soil, the amount of nitrogen and potassium can be increased appropriately. The application amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 4~5 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 5~6 kg/mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 2~3 kg/mu.
(4) For high-yield areas or soils with molybdenum and boron deficiency, boron fertilizer and molybdenum fertilizer should be applied; in areas with less symptoms, micro-fertilizer seed dressing can be adopted. The application of soybean rhizobium agents is advocated.
6. Cotton (2132530.000.14%)
(1) Cotton in the Huang-Huai-Hai area 1. Major problems in the Huang-Huai-hai cotton area The amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer is generally high, and the application of organic fertilizer is insufficient; the amount of base fertilizer is too large, and the amount of topdressing is insufficient; the deficiency of trace elements such as boron and zinc is more common.
2. Fertilization principles (1) Add organic fertilizer and promote organic and inorganic cooperation.
(2) According to the soil fertility conditions, the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers should be appropriately adjusted, and the potassium fertilizer should be applied reasonably, paying attention to the combined application of boron and zinc.
(3) Nitrogen fertilizer application in stages, appropriate increase in the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer application in the middle growth period.
(4) Fertilizer application should be combined with high-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques. 3. The amount and proportion of fertilization in the condition of 70-90 kg of lint per mu, the total amount of fertilization is 2000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 11~13 kg, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 5-7 kg, potassium fertilizer ( K2O) 5~7 kg. For cotton fields lacking boron and zinc, pay attention to the application of boron and zinc fertilizers. The dosage of boron and zinc fertilizer is 1~2 kg per mu, and the concentration of leaves is 2 g/L, which is carried out from the bud to the flowering stage.
35%~40% of nitrogen fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, 30%~35% is used in the initial flowering period, 25%~30% is used in the flowering period; all the phosphate fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer; all the potassium fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer or the base pursuit (the initial flowering period). . Starting from the flowering period, the cotton field with weaker growth will be sprayed with 0.5%~1.0% urea and 0.3%~0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 50~75 kg/mu in combination with the application, every 7~10 days. Spray continuously for 2~3 times.
(II) Cotton in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River 1. Major problems The use of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is high, and the application of organic fertilizers is insufficient. Some soils such as potassium, boron and zinc are lacking.
2. Fertilization principles (1) Add organic fertilizers and promote the combination of organic and inorganic.
(2) According to the soil fertility status and fertilizer efficiency response, the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers should be appropriately adjusted to stabilize the amount of potassium fertilizer.
(3) The cotton field with obvious deficiency of boron and zinc in the soil should be applied with boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer. The potential lack of attention should be paid to the application of boron and zinc fertilizer.
(4) For the nursery and transplanting cotton fields, the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied centrally by means of acupoint application or strip application.
(5) Combining fertilization with high-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques. 3. Fertilization amount and proportion (1) The yield of lint cotton is 90-110 kg, the total fertilization is 2000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 16~18 kg, and phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 4~6 kg. Potassium fertilizer (K2O) 10~12 kg. For cotton fields lacking boron and zinc, pay attention to the application of borax 1.0 kg/mu and zinc sulfate 1.5 kg/mu. High fertility cotton fields and low-yield fields should be appropriately adjusted to 20% to 30% of fertilizer application.
(2) 25% to 30% of nitrogen fertilizer is applied as base, 25%~30% is used as top dressing in early flowering stage, 25%~30% is used as top dressing in full bloom period, 15%~20% is used as top dressing in boll season; all phosphorus fertilizer is used as base 60% of potash is used as a base and 40% is used as a top dressing. From the flowering period to the weaker cotton field, spray 0.5%~1.0% urea and 0.3%~0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 50~75 kg/mu, spray once every 7~10 days, continuous spraying 2 ~3 times.
(III) Cotton in Northwest China 1. Main problems in the situation The amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer in the cotton field of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps is generally high, and the fertilization of organic fertilizer is generally insufficient. The application of nitrogen and phosphorus in the cotton field of the autonomous region (local) is often uncoordinated and the application of organic fertilizer is insufficient.
2. Fertilization principles (1) According to soil fertility status and fertilizer effect, appropriate adjustment of nitrogen fertilizer dosage, increase the proportion of mid-fertility application, and rational application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.
(2) Make full use of organic fertilizer resources, increase the application of organic fertilizers, and pay attention to the return of cotton stalks to the fields.
(3) Combining fertilization with high-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques, especially the integrated regulation of water and fertilizer.
3. Fertilization amount and proportion (1) Under-film drip irrigation cotton field: The yield of lint cotton is 120-150 kg, the application amount is 50-75 kg of cotton seed cake, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 18~20 kg, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) ) 8~10 kg, potash (K2O) 5~6 kg. The yield of lint cotton is 150-180 kg, the fertilization amount is 75~100 kg of cotton seed cake, the nitrogen fertilizer (N) is 20~24 kg, the phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) is about 10~12 kg, and the potassium fertilizer (K2O) is 6~8. kg. For cotton fields lacking boron and zinc, pay attention to the application of boron and zinc fertilizer.
(2) Conventional irrigation (submerged or furrow irrigation) cotton field: The yield of lint cotton is 90-110 kg, and the amount of fertilizer applied is 50 kg of cottonseed cake or 1~1.5 tons of high-quality organic fertilizer, and nitrogen fertilizer (N) 18~20 kg. Phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) is about 7~8 kg, and potassium fertilizer (K2O) is 2~3 kg. The yield of lint per mu is between 110 and 130 kg, and the amount of fertilizer applied is 75-100 kg of cottonseed cake or 1.5~2 tons of high-quality organic fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 20~23 kg, and phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 8~10 kg. Potassium fertilizer (K2O) 3~6 kg. For cotton fields lacking boron and zinc, pay attention to the application of boron and zinc fertilizer.
(3) In the ground paddy field, 45%~50% of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as the base application, and 50%~55% is used as the top dressing, 30% of the nitrogen fertilizer is used in the initial flowering period, and 20%~25% of the nitrogen fertilizer is used in the full bloom period. 50%~60% of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is used as base, and 40%~50% is used as top dressing. Under the film, 25%~30% of nitrogen fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, 70%~75% of nitrogen fertilizer is used as top dressing; 40%~50% of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, and 50%~60% is used as top dressing; According to the growth of cotton, the number of fertilization with water is generally 6~7 times, and the amount of fertilizer is not more than 2 kg/mu (pure nutrient content). The proportion of nitrogen fertilizer in the early stage is large, and the proportion of phosphorus and potassium in the later stage is large. The use of special fertilizer for drip irrigation should pay attention to the ratio of nutrient distribution. Fertilizers with high phosphorus and potassium content should be combined with nitrogen fertilizer (urea).
VII. Fruit trees (1) Apple 1. The main problems are that the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer in the intensive orchard in the plain area is generally high. The amount and proportion of nitrogen fertilizer applied during the fruit expansion period in spring and summer are too large, and the efficiency of fertilizer production is decreased. Second, the amount of organic fertilizer input in non-intensive mountain orchards is insufficient, the orchard soil is poor, and the ability to retain water and protect fertilizer is poor. Third, the problem of soil acidification in the old orchards in the Bohai Sea region is prominent, and the lack of medium and trace elements calcium, magnesium, sulfur, zinc and boron occurs. Fourth, the problem of calcium deficiency in most apple orchards is widespread. The problem of magnesium and boron deficiency in acidified soil orchards is prominent. The lack of iron, zinc and boron in calcareous soil orchards occurs.
2. Principles of fertilization (1) Add organic fertilizer and promote organic and inorganic application; adjust the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer according to soil fertility conditions and yield level; pay attention to the combined application of calcium, magnesium, boron and zinc.
(2) Combined with high-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques, NPK fertilizers are applied in stages according to tree potential and tree age.
(3) In the orchard where soil acidification occurs, the soil can be improved by applying silicon fertilizer and slaked lime.
3. Fertilization amount and proportion (1) Orchard with an output of 3,500 kg or less, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 15~25 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 6~10 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 15~20 kg/mu; Production of 3500~4500kg orchard, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 20~30kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 8~12kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 15~25kg/mu; over 4500kg orchard per mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N 25~40 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 10~15 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 20~30 kg/mu.
(2) Early-maturing varieties, fertile soil, small age, and strong tree-planting orchards apply 2~3 cubic meters/mu of organic fertilizer. Late-maturing varieties, thin soils, large ages, weak trees, 3~4 cubic meters/mu of organic fertilizer, 2~3 times of chemical fertilizers (3 late varieties), the first time in mid-March, NPK Combined with application; the second time in mid-June, the main use of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer, increase the amount of potassium fertilizer; the third time from late July to mid-August, with potassium fertilizer, with a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer.
(3) Orchard with zinc deficiency, boron and calcium in the soil, apply 1~1.5 kg of zinc sulfate per acre, 0.5~1.0 kg of borax, 30~50 kg of calcium nitrate, and mix with organic fertilizer in early spring; the sulfur-deficient orchard should be selected Sulfur-containing fertilizers such as potassium sulfate type composite (mixed) fertilizer, ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate, superphosphate, and the like.
(2) Peach 1. The main problems existed. The amount of fertilizer used in Taoyuan is quite different. The amount of fertilizer, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the period and method of fertilization are unreasonable, and the coordination effect of fertilization and irrigation is neglected. In the peach orchard where the soil is alkaline, there are copper deficiency such as leaf white, branch dryness and flow glue.
2. Fertilization principles (1) Strengthen the proportion of organic fertilizer application, according to soil fertility and early, late maturing varieties and yield levels, rationally regulate the application level of NPK fertilizer, pay attention to the combined application of calcium, magnesium, boron and zinc or copper fertilizer.
(2) Different varieties of spring topdressing period should be different. Early-maturing varieties and late-maturing varieties have early topdressing stage. The focus of fertilization is in autumn base fertilizer, and the number of spring topdressing is less than that of late-maturing varieties.
(3) Combined with high-quality cultivation techniques, plain areas that are prone to stagnation in summer should pay attention to combining ridge, film or orchard grass technology; arid areas advocate the use of surface covering and hole storage and fertilizer technology.
3. Fertilization amount and proportion (1) Application amount of organic fertilizer: early mature varieties, fertile soil, small age, strong tree orchard, organic fertilizer 1~2 cubic meters/mu; late-maturing varieties, thin soil, large age, tree potential Weak orchards apply 2~4 cubic meters/mu of organic fertilizer.
(2) Fertilizer application amount: Taoyuan with a production level of 1500 kg/mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 10~12 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 5~8 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 12~15 kg/mu; yield Taoyuan with a level of 2000 kg/mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 15~18 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 7~10 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 17~20 kg/mu; production level 3000 kg/mu of Taoyuan, Nitrogen fertilizer (N) 18~20 kg N/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 10~12 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 20~23 kg/mu.
(3) Fertilization method: All organic fertilizers are applied as base fertilizer after thawing in autumn or spring, and applied by ditching soil application method. 50% of the phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer and 40% of the nitrogen fertilizer together with the organic fertilizer base application, and the remaining nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied according to the nutrient requirements of the growth period. Fertilizer application is generally carried out in the germination stage of peach trees (early March), in the hard core stage (mid-May) and in the fruit expansion stage, 2 to 3 times of topdressing (2 early maturing varieties and 3 late maturing varieties).
(4) For the orchards with early defoliation or excessive load in the previous year, the top dressing should be strengthened. Before the germination, 2~3 times of urea can be sprayed 2~3 times, before germination until before mid-July, every Once every 7 days, the ratio of urea to potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed twice, and the concentration was 0.3% to 0.5%. If the peach trees appeared in the previous year, such as white leaves, branches, and gums, 0.01%~0.03% copper sulfate solution can be sprayed in the germination stage of peach trees.
(5) If the amount of organic fertilizer applied is large, the nitrogen and potassium fertilizers applied in the autumn may be reduced by 1~2 kg/mu as appropriate.
(III) Citrus 1. The main problem is to ignore the application of organic fertilizer and soil improvement and fertilization. The soil acidification is serious and the area of ​​thin orchard is large. Second, the amount of fertilizer used by farmers is quite different. The amount of fertilizer, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the period and method of fertilization are unreasonable. Third, the lack of trace elements in calcium, magnesium, boron, zinc, etc. is common. Fourth, soil erosion is serious and fertilizer utilization is low.
2. Fertilization principles (1) Pay attention to the application of organic fertilizers, vigorously develop orchard green manure, and implement orchard cover.
(2) Orchard with severe acidification, apply lime in moderation.
(3) According to the soil fertility status of citrus varieties and orchards, optimize the amount of NPK fertilizer, fertilization period and distribution ratio, and supplement the medium and trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, sulphur, boron and zinc.
(4) Fertilization method is changed to the whole garden for application as a concentrated point or ditch.
(5) Fertilization combined with water management and high-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques, and rainy or combined fertigation should be carried out during dry seasons, especially during spring drought.
3. Fertilization amount and proportion (1) Fertilization amount: Orchard of 1500 kg or less, organic fertilizer 2~3 square/mu; nitrogen fertilizer (N) 15~25 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 6~8 kg/mu, Potash fertilizer (K2O) 10~20 kg/mu; per mu yield 1500~3000 kg orchard, organic fertilizer 2~4 square/mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 20~30 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 8~10 kg/mu, Potassium fertilizer (K2O) 15~25 kg/mu; orchard with more than 3,000 kg per mu, organic fertilizer 2~4 square/mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 25~35 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 8~12 kg/mu, potash (K2O) 20~30 kg/mu.
(2) Orchard lacking boron and zinc, applying 0.5~0.75 kg of borax per mu, 1~1.5 kg of zinc sulfate, mixed with organic fertilizer and used in autumn; orchard with pH<5.5, applying lime or dolomite powder per acre 60 ~80kg, 50% applied in the fall, 50% in the summer.
(3) Fertilization method: spring fertilization (germination or pre-flowering fertilizer): 30%~40% of nitrogen fertilizer, 30%~40% of phosphate fertilizer, 20%~30% of potash fertilizer applied in gully soil before germination in February and March . For fruit trees with weak tree potential, foliar fertilization was carried out with 0.3% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the flower bud stage and young fruit stage; 0.1%~0.2% borax solution was used in the young fruit period in the boron-deficient orchard. Spray once every 10~15 days, spray 2~3 times continuously; the zinc-deficient orchard is sprayed with 0.1%~0.2% zinc sulfate solution in the young fruit stage.
Summer fertilization (strong fruit fertilizer): 30% to 40% of nitrogen fertilizer, 20% to 30% of phosphate fertilizer, 40% to 50% of potassium fertilizer applied in June to July.
Fertilization in autumn and winter (harvesting fruit fertilizer): 20%~30% nitrogen fertilizer, 40%~50% phosphate fertilizer, 20%~30% potash fertilizer, all organic fertilizer, boron and zinc are applied before and after fruit harvest from November to December. Sulfur-deficient orchards should choose sulfur-containing fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate, and superphosphate.
(4) Grapes (fresh food)
1. The main problems exist At present, most of the orchards in the main grape producing areas mainly contain “diazo, phosphorus, light potassium and trace element fertilizersâ€, insufficient potassium fertilizer, less application of micro-fertilizer, insufficient attention to organic fertilizer, etc. problem.
2. Fertilization principles (1) According to soil fertility conditions and production levels, the amount of potassium fertilizer is appropriately increased.
(2) Add organic fertilizer and promote the application of organic and inorganic fertilizers.
(3) In addition to the roots, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, etc., in the place where the deficiency is serious, attention should be paid to the application of medium and trace elements, pay attention to the combined application of calcium, boron and iron and zinc fertilizer.
(4) Fertilizer application combined with high-yield quality cultivation and water and fertilizer integration technology.
(5) Fertilization of young trees should be based on the requirements of growing phenological period, follow the principle of “thin fertilization and diligenceâ€, and follow the application of quick-acting fertilizer. In the early stage, nitrogen fertilizer is the main factor, and the amount of branches and leaves is already available. Apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to enrich the shoots and get early results.
3. Fertilization amount and proportion (1) Low-yield orchard with a yield of less than 1500 kg per mu: 1000-2000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer applied per mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 9-10 kg/mu, and phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 7-9 kg/mu Potassium fertilizer (K2O) 11~13 kg/mu.
(2) Middle-class orchards with an output of 1500-2000 kg per mu: about 2,000 to 2,500 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer per mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 11 to 13 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 9 to 11 kg/mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) ) 13~15 kg/mu.
(3) High-yield orchards with a yield of more than 2000 kg per mu: 2500~3500 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer per mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 12~15 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 11~13 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 15~18 kg/mu.
(4) Fertilization method: The base fertilizer is usually applied with the decomposed organic fertilizer (fertilizer, compost, etc.) immediately after harvesting the grapes, and some quick-acting fertilizers are added. The application amount of base fertilizer accounts for 50%~60% of the total fertilization amount in the whole year, and can be applied in the whole garden or ditch. In the grape growing season, the general high-yield garden needs to topdress 2 to 3 times a year. The first time in the early spring buds begins to expand, the manure and manure are mixed with ammonium nitrate or urea, and the distribution ratio is 10%~15%; In the initial stage of the young fruit expansion after Xiehua, the nitrogen fertilizer is the main factor, combined with the application of phosphorus and potassium, the distribution ratio is 20%~30%; the third time in the early stage of fruit coloring, the phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are the main ones, the distribution ratio is 10%. .
(5) Orchard lacking boron and zinc, applying 0.5~0.75 kg of borax per mu, 1~1.5 kg of zinc sulfate, used in autumn after mixing with organic fertilizer; orchard with pH less than 5.5, applying lime or dolomite powder per acre 60 ~80 kg, all applied in autumn; for the orchard that is easy to lack calcium, spray the sugar fertilizer such as calcium or calcium chloride on the 500~1000 times before the grape bagging.
8. Vegetables (1) Open field cabbage 1. The main problems are that the application rates of organic fertilizers in different fields are quite different, the phenomenon of blind application of nitrogen fertilizer is serious, the application of potassium fertilizer is insufficient, and the application period and mode are unreasonable. Second, fertilization has the phenomenon of “heavy elements, light and medium elementsâ€, which affects product quality. Third, the problem of excessive water and fertilizer caused by excessive irrigation is widespread, and the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is low.
2. Fertilization principles (1) Rational application of organic fertilizer, organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer application; the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should follow the principles of nitrogen control, phosphorus stabilization and potassium increase.
(2) The distribution of fertilizers is based on base and chasing; the topdressing is mainly based on nitrogen fertilizer, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are rationally coordinated; pay attention to the appropriate supplement of calcium and boron in the period from rosette to late stage to prevent “dry heart†And other diseases.
(3) Combine with high-yield cultivation techniques, especially water-saving irrigation technology, to give full play to the coupling effect of water and fertilizer and improve fertilizer utilization.
3. Fertilizer amount and proportion (1) Base fertilizer application of high-quality farmyard manure 2 square meters/mu.
(2) The production level is 4500~5500 kg/mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 13~15 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 4~6 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 8~10 kg/mu; production level 5500~6500 Kg/mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 15~18 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 6~10 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 12~14 kg/mu; yield level greater than 6500 kg/mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 18 ~20 kg / mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 10 ~ 12 kg / mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 14 ~ 16 kg / mu.
Nitrogen and potassium fertilizer 30%~40% base application, 60%~70% in the rosette stage and the initial stage of ball formation, and the phosphate fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer or hole application.
(3) For the more serious plots of “dry heartburn†in previous years, pay attention to reduce the application of ammonium nitrogen or moderate calcium supplementation, and spray 0.3%~0.5% CaCl2 solution 2~3 from the rosette stage to the late stage of the ball formation. For the boron-deficient plot, the borax may be applied 0.5~1 kg/mu, or the borax solution of 0.2%~0.3% may be sprayed 2~3 times. At the same time, it can be sprayed with spraying 2~3 times of 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate to increase the vegetable yield and commodity rate of cabbage.
(2) Facility tomato 1. The main problems existed Most of the central and southwestern regions are small and medium-sized arch sheds. Most of the northern regions such as North China are solar greenhouses. The main fertilization problems are as follows: First, excessive fertilization is common, and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers are used at a high level. Soil nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients accumulated significantly. Second, the proportion of nutrient input is unreasonable, and there are obstacles in the supply of elements such as calcium, magnesium and boron in non-calcium soil. Third, excessive irrigation leads to serious nutrient losses. Fourth, continuous cropping obstacles lead to serious deterioration of soil quality, decreased nutrient absorption efficiency, and decreased vegetable quality.
2. Fertilization principles (1) Rational application of organic fertilizer, reduction of the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, increase of potassium fertilizer, non-calcium soil and acidic soils need to supplement calcium, magnesium, boron and other trace elements.
(2) According to crop yield, sorghum and soil fertility conditions, rational allocation of chemical fertilizers, most of the phosphorus fertilizer application, nitrogen and potassium fertilizers; early spring growth should not be frequent top dressing, pay attention to post-flowering and late-stage topdressing.
(3) Combine with high-yield cultivation techniques and adopt the principle of “small number of times†to rationally fertilize.
(4) The old shed with soil degradation needs to return to the field or apply high organic fertilizer with high C/N ratio, reduce the amount of fertilized manure, increase the number of rotations, and achieve the purpose of desalting and reducing continuous cropping obstacles.
3. Fertilization amount and proportion (1) Miao fertilizer increased application of decomposed organic fertilizer, supplemented with phosphate fertilizer, 60~100 kg of decomposed poultry manure per 0.5 m2 seedbed, 0.5~1 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 0.5 kg of potassium sulfate, According to the seedling situation, spray 0.5%~0.1% urea solution 1~2 times.
(2) Applying high-quality organic fertilizer to the base fertilizer for 2~3 square meters/mu.
(3) The production level is 4000~6000 kg/mu: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 15~20 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 8~10 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 20~25 kg/mu; production level 6000~8000 Kg/mu: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 20~30 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 10~15 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 30~35 kg/mu; production level 8000~10000 kg/mu: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 30~38 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 15~20 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 35~40 kg/mu.
More than 70% of the phosphate fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer (point), and the rest is applied with the compound fertilizer, 20%~30% of the nitrogen and potassium fertilizer base, 70%~80% after the flowering to the ear expansion period, 3~10 times with the water. Shi, each time the application of nitrogen fertilizer (N) does not exceed 5-7 kg / mu.
(4) When the soil pH of the vegetable field is less than 6, the calcium, magnesium and boron are easily deficient, and the calcium fertilizer (Ca) is 50-75 kg/mu, and the magnesium fertilizer (Mg) is 4-6 kg/mu. 2 to 3 times of 0.1% concentration of boron fertilizer.
(3) Chili 1. Main problems in the production of peppers In the production of peppers, there are widespread application of nitrogen fertilizers, light application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers; heavy application of chemical fertilizers, light or no application of organic fertilizers, neglect of prominent problems such as medium and trace element fertilizers.
2.施肥原则(1)å› åœ°åˆ¶å®œåœ°å¢žæ–½ä¼˜è´¨æœ‰æœºè‚¥ã€‚ (2) Controlling fertilization during flowering period, from the beginning of flowering to branching and fruit setting, in addition to the serious shortage of fertilizer in plants, the application of fertilizer should be controlled to prevent falling, deciduous and fruit falling.
(3) The quick-acting fertilizer should be applied in time for the young fruit period and the harvesting period to promote the rapid expansion of the young fruit.
(4) After transplanting the peppers to the flowering stage, promote the control and combine with the thin fertilizer.
(5) Avoid using high-concentration fertilizer, avoid wet soil topdressing, avoid topdressing at high temperature at noon, avoid excessive concentration of topdressing.
3.施肥é‡åŠæ¯”例(1)优质农家肥2~4æ–¹/亩作基肥一次施用。
(2)化肥用é‡ï¼šäº§é‡æ°´å¹³2000公斤/亩以下：施氮肥(N)10~12公斤/亩，磷肥(P2O5)3~4公斤/亩，钾肥(K2O)8~10公斤/亩；产é‡æ°´å¹³2000~4000公斤/亩：施氮肥(N)15~18公斤/亩，磷肥(P2O5)4~5公斤/亩，钾肥(K2O)10~12公斤/亩；产é‡æ°´å¹³4000公斤/亩以上：施氮肥(N)18~22公斤/亩，磷肥(P2O5)5~6公斤/亩，钾肥(K2O)13~15公斤/亩。
(3)施肥比例：氮肥总é‡çš„20%~30%作基肥，70%~80%作追肥；磷肥全部作基肥；钾肥总é‡çš„50%~60%作基肥，40%~50%作追肥。
(4)在辣椒生长ä¸æœŸæ³¨æ„分别喷施500å€çš„å¶é¢ç¡¼è‚¥å’Œå¶é¢é’™è‚¥äº§å“，防治辣椒è„è…病。
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