How to Prevent Mechanical Injury Accidents

1. What is mechanical damage

Mechanical injury refers to the damage that the machinery makes to a powerful function that acts on the human body.

2. What are the characteristics of mechanical injury accidents?

The form of mechanical injury accidents is heavy, such as smashing, squeezing, squeezing, crushed to death, being killed by objects that have been ejected, and being worn out. When a person is found to have been injured by a machine, emergency shutdown is possible in time. However, due to the inertia of the equipment, the victim may still be caused to cause sexual injury or even die.

3. What are the common mechanical equipment that harm the human body?

Belt conveyors, ball mills, cranes, hoists, dryers, hammers, lathes, roller machines, sand mixers, screw conveyors, pumps, die presses, enema machines, crushers, push coke machines, oil presses, Vulcanizers, unloading machines, centrifuges, mixers, wheel mills, blanket feeders, roller screens, etc.

4. What are the main causes of accidents that cause mechanical injuries?

The main causes of mechanical damage accidents are:

1 ) Maintenance and inspection machinery neglect safety measures. If people enter the equipment ( ball mills, etc. ) to inspect and inspect their operations, they do not cut off the power supply, they are not allowed to close the warning signs, and they do not have special personnel to supervise them, causing serious consequences. Some accidents were caused by misjudgment due to factors such as timing power switch or temporary power failure. Some of them also had serious consequences, although the equipment was powered off but it was not completed until the equipment stopped working completely.

2 ) Lack of safety devices. For example, mechanical belts, gears, couplings close to the ground, pulleys, and flywheels are not easily protected from human body parts; others, such as manholes, feeding hatches, and cages, are missing and there are no warnings. Cards, as a result of accidental contact with these parts, can cause accidents.

3 ) The layout of the power switch is irrational. One is that there is no emergency stop immediately; the other is that several mechanical switches are set together, which can easily cause serious consequences due to accidental opening of the machine.

4 ) Self-made or arbitrarily modified mechanical equipment does not meet safety requirements.

5 ) During the operation of the machine, cleaning, carding, and belt waxing shall be performed.

6 ) Arbitrarily enter the dangerous operation area ( sampling, work, passage, picking, etc. ) of the machinery operation .

7 ) Persons who do not have the mechanical quality to work or other personnel will tamper with the machinery.

5. Preventive measures against mechanical injury accidents

Preventive measures against mechanical injury include:

1 ) The inspection and repair machinery must strictly implement the system of shutting off the electricity, prohibiting the closing of the warning signs, and setting up guardianship. After the machine is powered off, it must be confirmed that the inertial operation has been completely eliminated before the work can be performed. After the mechanical overhaul is completed, the site must be carefully inspected before the trial operation, and all the personnel in the mechanical site can be fully evacuated before closing the gate. When overhauling the test vehicle, it is strictly forbidden to leave the device in the vehicle.

2 ) Machines with frequent direct contact with the hand, such as rubber gluing machines, must have an intact emergency braking device. The position of the brake button must be accessible to the operator at any time within the scope of mechanical work activities; the mechanical transmission equipment must have reliable protection. Equipment; each person hole, feeding mouth, screw conveyor and other parts must have cover, guardrails and warning signs; the operating environment to maintain clean and tidy.

3 ) The layout of each mechanical switch must be reasonable and must meet two criteria: First, it is convenient for the operator to stop in an emergency; the other is to avoid accidentally starting other equipment.

4 ) To clean up the machinery, such as clearing materials, picking materials, and belts, etc., the system shall be followed.

5 ) It is forbidden for unrelated personnel to enter the site of large-scale mechanical work. If non-mechanical workers must enter due to the facts, they must first contact the author of the on-duty machinery, and have the security measures to agree to enter.

6 ) Operation of all kinds of mechanical personnel must be professionally trained to master the basic knowledge of the equipment's performance. In the online operation, it is necessary to operate meticulously, strictly implement relevant rules and regulations, use labor protection articles correctly, and strictly prohibit unlicensed personnel from operating mechanical equipment.

6. The parts of the machine that are most harmful to the human body

The greatest part of the human body that is mechanically injured is the hand. Because the hand is in the most frequent contact with machinery in labor.

When the first-aid principle of a robotic injury occurs severely, such as a severed hand or severed finger, the wound of the wounded person must be bandaged to stop bleeding, relieve pain, and perform half-fistula-shaped fixation. The application of disinfected or clean dressings to severed hands and severed fingers should be avoided. Divide the severed finger into a disinfectant such as alcohol to prevent deterioration of cells. Place the broken hand and broken fingers in a leak-free plastic bag, fasten the bag, place ice cubes around the bag, or use an ice stick to replace the wound and send it to the hospital.

7. Occurrence of scalp lacerations How to rescue scalp lacerations The following first aid measures may be taken:

1 The injured must be rescued in time to take pain relief and other symptomatic measures;

2 Wash the wounded area with normal saline, apply the disinfectant large gauze block, disinfect the cotton tightly, and stop the bleeding after the application of red mercury;

3 Use antibiotics to inject anti-tetanus serum to prevent infections;

4 to the hospital for further treatment.

8. Matters needing attention when lifting heavy objects by mobile crane

When lifting a heavy load, a mobile crane should pay attention to:

(1) Work strictly according to the crane's rated weight table and lift height curve. The lifting items must not exceed the specified working range and the corresponding rated weight, and overload operations are strictly prohibited.

(2) It is not allowed to use a crane to lift the embedded objects with unclear weight and tension. In winter, frozen objects cannot be lifted.

(3) Do not pull it diagonally or diagonally, otherwise it will cause the crane to tip over.

(4) Do not increase the balance weight or reduce luffing ropes.

(5) Avoid suddenly starting or braking on the train. Pay more attention when lifting from a large size, large size, and high lifting height.

9. Matters needing attention when lifting and walking

When lifting and walking, a mobile crane should pay attention:

(1) Truck cranes are not allowed to lift the load and walk. Crawler cranes and tire cranes must be hoisted and walked within the allowable lifting range. The road surface should be solid and solid, the walking speed should be slow and even, and the gears should be shifted in time according to the road conditions. Do not brake and turn suddenly, and the heavy objects should avoid swinging and hanging. The arm should be in the front direction.

(2) The lifting boom with a large boom length must be carried in the forward direction in the longitudinal direction of the crawler. When walking, the boom angle swings beyond the general assembly and there is a risk of back tilting. Therefore, the boom elevation angle should be limited to 30 ° to 70 °

10. Safety issues that crane operation environment should pay attention to

The safety aspects of the crane operating environment are:

(1) The work place is dimly lit, and it is impossible to see the site, the condition of the hanging object, and the command signal.

(2) The crane is not allowed to operate on underdrain, underground pipelines and air-raid shelters.

(3) The minimum distance between the boom, spreader, auxiliary equipment, steel wire ropes, and heavy objects and the transmission line should not be less than the specified distance when the crane is in operation.

(4) No one should do other work near the working area of ​​the crane. When someone approaches, use a warning tone or horn to warn.

(5) Whether the buildings and obstacles at the crane's work site meet the safety distances of the cranes such as walking, turning, turntables, and luffing should be measured and the operating procedures should be arranged.

11. What are the dangerous factors in the use of tower cranes?

The risk factors for the use of tower cranes are:

(1) Stability damage;

(2) Destruction of steel structures;

(3) Institutions and Electrical Destruction

(4) destruction of safety devices;

(5) illegal repairs.

12. Safe use of bridge cranes

To use the bridge crane safely, you should do:

( 1 ) Appliances in the driver's office that should be equipped as required:

Necessary tools for maintenance of cranes, insulating gloves and insulating shoes, safety ropes ( with ) dry fire extinguishers, floor boards made of rubber sheets or other insulating materials.

( b ) Before the lifting operation must pass the security check:

1 ) When the shift is handed over, the shift driver should introduce the problems appearing in the shift to the successor driver in detail. Then, the handover and succession driver shall check the crane together.

(1) First check whether the switch on the switchboard on the switchboard is disconnected.

(2) Check whether the number of broken wires or the amount of wear of the wire rope exceeds the scrap standard. Check whether there is any groove or stacking on the reel and whether the fixed platen is firm and reliable.

(3) Check that the brake's working spring, pin, connecting plate and opening are intact, and the brake must not be stuck.

(4) Each safety device should be sensitive and reliable.

(5) Whether the receiving device ( slider or pulley ) is in good contact with the slide wire, the movement of the cable winding direction should be coordinated with the running speed of the trolley.

(6) The hook should flexibly rotate on the cross beam, and the hook and tail fixing nut must not be loosened.

2 ) Before driving, check the power supply. The voltage must not be less than 85% of the rated voltage .

3 ) No tools or other objects shall be left on the crane so as to avoid falling in operation and causing personal or equipment accidents.

4 ) Before driving, push all the control handles to zero according to the operating instructions, and close the hatch door switch and end beam door switch. The main measures to prevent objects from hitting the accident are:

(1) The safety regulations must be carefully implemented to overcome the paralysis thoughts. Everyone has the responsibility to eliminate objects to combat injuries and firmly establish a sense of safety that does not harm others and protect themselves.

(2) It is forbidden to throw materials when working at heights. Clean up the building materials should set up a chute or use a trash bucket. Hand tools and sporadic items should be conveniently placed in the tool bag. It is forbidden to drop the broken glass to prevent the falling of the glass by installing replacement glass.

(3) Hanging hooks or snap rings must be used for lifting large items. Hanging cages or buckets should be used for lifting small pieces, and the lifting long pieces must be fastened.

(4) At high altitude operations, it is necessary to make clear that someone is responsible for maintenance and cleaning of ramps, bridges, and springboards, and it is not allowed to store debris.

(5) The machinery and equipment used in the operation must meet the quality requirements, and the equipment with “diseases” is strictly prohibited until it reaches the standard.

(6) The operating personnel who use the equipment must be familiar with the characteristics of the equipment and master the operation essentials. They must pass the training exam and hold the certificate.

(7) Stop the machine before troubleshooting or cleaning the card.

(8) Do a good job in pressure vessel safety management ( see the Pressure Vessel Accident Prevention section ) to prevent pressure vessel explosion. All types of blasting personnel must strictly abide by relevant regulations. Personnel must be hidden in a safe and reliable place. Personnel are strictly prohibited from entering the restricted area of ​​the operation.

The information in this article comes from the Internet and was reorganized and edited by China Rescue Equipment Network.