At present, the material technology of the world's automotive plastic parts continues to develop, and its main direction is lightweight and environmentally friendly. The relative density of automobile plastic parts is low, and the exterior parts are made of plastic-made steel, which can reduce the weight of the automobile and achieve energy-saving purposes. Reducing the quality of the car itself is one of the most effective measures to reduce vehicle displacement and improve combustion efficiency. According to estimates, for every 10% reduction in the quality of the car itself, fuel consumption can be reduced by 6% to 8%. In terms of safety, the plastic impact per unit mass is not inferior to that of metals, and some engineering plastics and carbon fiber reinforced plastics are much higher than metals.
First, according to physical and chemical properties, it can be divided into thermosetting plastics and thermoplastic parts. Thermosetting plastics are plastics that cure or have insoluble (melting) properties under heat or other conditions. The advantages of thermosetting plastics are that the strength and heat resistance are good, and the pressure is not easily deformed; the disadvantage is that the molding process is complicated and the production efficiency is low. Thermoplastic refers to a plastic that can be repeatedly softened and cooled and hardened in a specific temperature range. The utility model has the advantages of simple molding process, high productivity, certain mechanical properties, and reusable recycling; the disadvantage is poor heat resistance and low rigidity.
Second, according to the characteristics of use, plastics are divided into general plastics, engineering plastics and special plastics. General-purpose plastic parts refer to plastics with large output, wide application, good shape and low price, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, phenolic and so on. Engineering plastics can bear a certain external force, have good mechanical properties and high and low temperature resistance, and have good dimensional stability. It can be used as engineering plastics, such as polyamide and polysulfone. Special plastics have special functions such as fluoroplastics and silicones.
The use of automotive plastics also helps the car to develop in a personalized direction. Plastic products have a high degree of freedom in design and can be made into transparent, translucent or opaque products with a variety of appearances. In addition, the plastic processing performance is good, and the complex products can be molded in one time and mass-produced, with high efficiency, low cost and remarkable economic benefits. If calculated in unit volume, the cost of producing plastic parts is only 1/10 of that of non-ferrous metals.
The innovative application of plastic materials will be the key point of concern and attention in automobile manufacturing. In addition to relying on innovations in engines and new materials, automobiles will rely heavily on plastics in the face of energy shortages and environmental protection. The development of technology. Whoever gets the lead in material selection and application can get more benefits.
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