Recently, the author went to the pear garden of Shen Jinbing, a former farmer's group employee of Jidong Farm in Hanchuan City, Hubei Province. How was his annual income in Liyuan? He said that his 2.5-acre pear garden is planted with 140 pear trees. The age of the trees is more than 20 years. The average pear yield per pear tree is 100 kilograms. The average price per kilogram is 1 yuan, and the flat income is 100 yuan. More than 14,000 yuan, 4,000 yuan less than in 2011. When asked why he reduced his income, he said that he might be affected by the dead branches of pear trees, but I don’t know why there are dead branches.
When I was in the field inspection, he said that last year, five old pear trees were dug up because of the dead branches. Now there are still some pear trees with different degrees of dead branches. I wonder if they are dug or keep updated?
We look at the side and look for reasons. According to the situation we have encountered in many pear gardens in the past, the old pear garden has this dead tree phenomenon almost every year. The main reasons are as follows: First, the soil is deficient in calcium. In the case of calcium-deficient pear trees, the growth of the roots of the light roots is hindered, and the root tips are curved and finally dried, and the pear trees are severely deficient in calcium, and the branches are partially or mostly with dead ends and dead branches. Although Shen Jinbing also applied phosphate fertilizer, the phosphorus fertilizer used in the phosphate fertilizer was low, and the application time was only in the spring, neglecting the effect of winter fertilizer. Second, the sediment concentration of the pear garden was heavier. The content of boron is less. When the boron is deficient, the bark is easy to fester, and there are different degrees of dry shoots. Third, the lack of potassium can also cause the leaves of the pear tree to be scorched, which will also inhibit the development of the branches. Potassium chloride is used as top dressing, the application rate is also insufficient, and the application time is also late; the fourth is that the soil is relatively compact, there is no deep winter turkey winter ridge in 5 years, the soil of the knot, and the old pear tree, the root system is not very strong. After fertilization, the fertilizer utilization rate is also low. Fifth, there is no deep ditch large channel around the pear garden. When the rain drops more than 100 mm on the day, it is very susceptible to waterlogging, which makes the root system lack a transparent environment.
Similar to Shen Jinbing's dry and dead branches of pear garden pears, the old pear orchards in different places have occurred to varying degrees. After discussing with Shen Jinbing, in order to promote multiple root systems, the following measures were taken to improve the environment and improve Fertilize the structure, improve the drainage facilities, renew the pear trees, and renew the new capacity.
First, the use of winter and spring leisure time, draining the drainage ditch around the pear garden, so that the daily rain of 100 mm without water damage, so that the roots can normally absorb the supply of fertilizer; second, the deep knot of the gap between the pear trees The soil, due to the large crown, is not suitable for mechanical ploughing. It is decided to use the artificial deep-turning soil to a depth of 60-70 cm. The third is to apply the base fertilizer in combination with the deep-turning soil, especially organic fertilizer. Dung 8000 kg. Generally, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers required for high-yield pear trees is 1:0.5-1. It is necessary to ensure that the phosphate fertilizer should use the brand phosphorus fertilizer with an effective content of phosphorus pentoxide of 16%-18%, preferably with organic Fertilizer mixed application. Potassium fertilizer with an effective potassium content of 60% is used, and boron fertilizer with an effective boron content of 15% to 20% is applied, not less than 2 kg per mu. The time is completed before the end of spring and should not be postponed; the fourth is when fertilizing, The fertilizer should not be too close to the trunk of the pear tree, at least at a distance of more than 1 meter; fifthly, it is necessary to apply the herbicide to kill the weeds in the early spring, reduce the contradiction between the competition with the root system and improve the symbiotic relationship.
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