Slag Portland cement, also known as slag cement and abbreviated as P·S, is a type of hydraulic cementitious material composed primarily of Portland cement clinker, 20–70% granulated blast furnace slag, and an appropriate amount of gypsum. This combination gives the cement unique properties that make it suitable for a wide range of construction applications.
According to Chinese standards, the proportion of granulated blast furnace slag in the cement must be between 20% and 70% by weight. In addition, other materials such as volcanic ash, limestone, and kiln dust may be included, but their total amount should not exceed one-third of the total blended materials. These supplementary materials can partially replace the slag, with limits of 15%, 10%, and 8% respectively. It is also allowed to use a combination of volcanic ash and limestone, or together with kiln dust, to substitute for slag, but the total substitution should not exceed 15%. Among these, limestone should not exceed 10%, and kiln dust should not go beyond 8%. After any substitution, the remaining granulated blast furnace slag must still be at least 20%.
Currently, slag cement is the most widely used cement type in China, available in six grades: 32.5, 32.5R, 42.5, 42.5R, 52.5, and 52.5R. Compared to ordinary Portland cement, slag cement has a lighter color, lower specific gravity, and releases less heat during hydration. It also exhibits better resistance to corrosion and high temperatures. However, it tends to bleed more, has lower early strength, and is not as frost-resistant. On the positive side, its late strength increases significantly over time, which means longer curing periods are necessary.
Due to its favorable properties, slag cement is commonly used in various concrete projects, including those on the ground, underground, and underwater. It is also ideal for construction in high-temperature environments, such as industrial workshops. However, it is not recommended for structures requiring high early strength or those exposed to frequent freeze-thaw cycles or alternating wet-dry conditions.
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