The reporter recently learned from the Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences that the field-modified transgenic cassava field experiment led by Zhang Peng, the researcher of the Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, was successful. The new cassava harvested in experimental plots proves that the starch quality of cassava can be changed through genetic modification technology, which will broaden the cassava breeding potential and application prospects in China.
As a starch-rich root crop, cassava is ranked as the world's three major potato crops with potatoes and sweet potatoes. At present, cassava is cultivated in over 70 countries around the world. At the same time, cassava is also an energy plant with great development potential, and is one of the important pillars of the development of the biomass energy industry. With the gradual maturity of various deep-processing technologies, cassava has gradually become a world-recognized economic crop with high utilization value and an important industrial raw material. The annual global trade volume reaches 20 billion US dollars.
In recent years, with the development of downstream industries such as fuel ethanol, modified starch, food, chemicals, and textiles, demand for cassava at home and abroad has increased year by year. Since 2005, China has become the world's largest importer of cassava. To meet the needs of the domestic market, it is necessary to continue expanding cassava cultivation area and improve breeding and planting techniques. However, cassava is a vegetatively propagated crop and breeding through traditional crossbreeding is very difficult. Scientific research has found that the use of genetic engineering to improve the agronomic traits of cassava can accelerate the germplasm innovation of new varieties of cassava, so this area of ​​research is of global concern.
According to reports, the starch composition of cassava is an important factor affecting its application. Conventional cassava starch has an amylose content between 22% and 32%. At present, the starch processing industry taking cassava tuber roots as a raw material occupies a prominent position, but the processing of various products puts forward diverse demands on the starch quality of the raw materials. Relying on traditional breeding to change starch quality takes a long time, requires a lot of manpower and material resources, and it is difficult to meet the urgent needs of the starch processing industry.
Zhang Peng’s key project in the Advanced Industrial Biotechnology Innovation Base of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) used small RNA interference technology to suppress the expression of related starch synthesis genes, resulting in a series of new cassava varieties with varying ratios of amylose and amylopectin. To provide a new and feasible way to change the quality of tapioca starch. Using this technology, new plants that are different from the wild-type starch quality can be obtained in a short time, which overcomes the shortcomings of traditional breeding techniques that take a long time and severe separation of offspring traits.
It is reported that this new cassava variety will be further expanded in Hainan. It will be used in the crossbreeding of China's fine traditional cassava to cultivate new and improved cassava varieties. At the same time, research will be conducted in Guangxi to provide a technological platform and new raw materials for industrial applications. Reporter: Wang Wei
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