After entering the spring, the temperature changed repeatedly, experienced two cold springs, and also experienced several times of high temperature above 30 degrees. After the original temperature rebounded, the problem of pests and diseases began to occur frequently, and encountered such unstable environmental conditions, and the fruit trees continued to be a problem after the spring.
At present, most of the fruit trees are in the germination and flowering period, especially the cold weather caused by the cold weather in the first two days, which is caused by severe freezing damage, and the serious problem of pests and diseases has a serious impact on the fruit trees.
Spring cold damage
Many fruit trees are frozen, and the petals appear uneven and then discolored.
Freezing at the flowering stage often affects flower pollination, which will directly affect the fruit setting, which has a great impact on the yield in the later stage. Therefore, every spring, it is necessary to do the prevention work of cold spring.
The following measures can be taken to prevent:
Before flower
(1) Add soil conditioner.
In the flower bud germination stage of fruit trees, combined with fertilization and application of soil amendments or biological bacterial fertilizers, soil structure, microbial quantity and enzyme activity can be improved, tree root growth can be promoted, root absorption capacity can be improved, and the number of roots can be increased. Potential to enhance the ability to resist frost.
(2) Spraying plant antifreeze.
Such as plant amino acids + potassium dihydrogen phosphate, can prevent freezing damage.
Flowering
(1) Smoke.
Pay more attention to the weather changes. Before the low temperature comes, smoke in the orchard can raise the temperature by 2~3 °C.
Prepare smoke-emitting materials such as cut branches, fallen leaves, weeds, and scraped bark before the fruit trees bloom.
First determine the wind direction, select the wind head to pile a stack of fumigation materials every 20 meters on the ground space, the material should be properly sprayed to facilitate the smoke.
Put the temperature and humidity meter in the orchard, and pay close attention to the temperature change after 01:00 at midnight. When the temperature reaches 0 °C, the smoke will be ignited (be careful not to ignite, so it is better to smoke).
After 05:00 in the morning, the temperature will start to rise and the fire will stop.
This can reduce the radiation cooling, increase the heat of the orchard, and prevent frost.
Note: Smoke has a certain effect on slight frost damage above -2 °C, such as less than -2 °C, the effect is not obvious.
(2) Spray anti-frosting agent during flowering period.
Spraying plant amino acids + foliar fertilizer or white sugar + trace element boron fertilizer in the flower bud stage and full flowering stage of fruit trees all have the effect of reducing freezing damage and increasing the fruit setting rate of fruit trees.
Anti-frosting agents should be formulated with clean water. The spraying should be uniform and thoughtful, so that the flowers can be used on both sides of the flower, which can effectively prevent the flower organs from being exposed to frost and enhance the cold resistance of the trees.
Remedy after freezing
(1) Guaranteed pollination
If the unpollinated flower of the fruit tree is frozen, the pollination ability is lost. If the pollination and fertilization has been completed at low temperature, the effect on the fruit setting is small.
If it has been damaged by freezing, it is necessary to artificially pollinate the flowers that are open at night to ensure a certain yield.
(2) timely fertilizer supplement, alleviate frost damage
Spray nutrient foliar fertilizers in time, such as amino acid fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate or brassinolide.
It can enhance the photosynthetic efficiency of the leaves, produce nutrients to ensure the normal growth of the fruit trees, and can effectively reduce the exudation of the cytosol, maintain the moisture, and protect the cells.
(3) Reasonable trimming and retracting
For frozen branches, leaves, flowers and fruits, do not rush to pruning or removing them in a short period of time. The method of late flowering, fruiting and multi-remaining should be adopted to preserve the fruits that are not damaged or damaged, to ensure more flowering, more results, and knots. Good fruit, save the loss caused by frost.
At the same time, the tree should be opened and angled to control vegetative growth and let it recover naturally.
In the middle of May, the branches that are harmful to the frost and cannot be recovered should be cut off or retracted to the healthy parts in time to encourage them to re-emerge.
Disease
The pests and diseases encountered during the flowering period of fruit trees are mainly mildew, flower rot, rust, powdery mildew and so on.
â—Mold heart disease
The beginning of the infection period is generally in late May, and the onset of the fruit begins in late June.
Mainly to harm the fruit.
During the flowering period, it will enter the heart and pass through the opening between the sacrum and the ventricle.
Chemical control:
Generally, spray the fruit protection agent every 10~15 days before or after flowering and during the young fruit period to prevent mold intrusion.
Optional carbendazim, carbendazim, bacteriophage, mancozeb + polyoxomycin, triadimefon, thiophanate-methyl can effectively reduce the chance of heart-breaking fruit in the harvest period.
â— Powdery mildew
April to September is the period of disease occurrence, and the temperature is low from April to May, which is the peak period of powdery mildew.
The main feature is the appearance of sparse white powder on the back of the leaves.
When the young shoots of the fruit trees are infected, the growth is inhibited, the internodes become shorter, and the leaves become narrow and not open, hard and brittle, and the leaves are wound up.
The initial surface will be covered with a layer of white powder, which will gradually turn brown in the later stage, and the severe shoots will die.
Chemical control:
Apply early in the early spring when the young leaves are not yet deployed:
Spraying such agents as zinc, zinc, mancozeb, captan, and doxorubicin.
After the Xiehua, the use of triazolone, diniconazole, ether oxystrobin, boscalylamine, oxazolol, benomyl and other agents.
â—Flower rot
There are two main symptoms of flower rot.
First, when the flower buds appear, they can be infected and rotted, and the flowers are yellow-brown and withered.
The second is caused by the spread of leaf rot, the base of the flower and the peduncle rot, and the flowers wither.
Flower rot can cause fruit rot. The pathogen mainly invades from the stigma, reaches the ovary through the pollen tube, and then penetrates the ovary wall to reach the fruit surface.
When the young fruit is sick, brown spots appear on the fruit surface.
The lesions will overflow with brown mucus and have a fermented odor. Soon the whole fruit will rot, become a stiff fruit after losing water, and will still grow on the flowers or fruit.
Chemical control:
It is necessary to spray agents such as dexamethasone, zinc, copper hydroxide, pyrimidine nucleoside antibiotics, procymidone, and iprodione in the early stage of leaf development.
â—rust
Before and after flowering, when the weather is warmer than 17~20 degrees and the rain is met, the rust is serious.
On the front of the blade, there will be a bright orange-red dot, and then a round orange-yellow lesion will gradually form, and a brush-like rust spore will appear in the diseased part.
Chemical control:
Spray the first time after spreading the leaves. If there is rain after spraying, spray 2 times immediately after the rain, and spray again after 10 days.
Optional carbendazim + mancozeb, triadimefon, ether oxystrobin, diniconazole, epoxiconazole, dexamethasone + thiophanate-methyl, mancozeb + propiconazole and other agents.
â— rot disease
Peach trees and apple trees will happen.
Take peach trees as an example: April to June is the peak incidence.
In the initial stage, the cortex was slightly swollen, with a purplish red color and gelatinization. Finally, the cortex became brown and dead, and there was a distiller's taste. On the surface, there were raised small grain spots and later depression.
When the lesion surrounds the trunk for a week, the sick tree will die very quickly.
Chemical control:
Before the peach tree sprouts, the necrotic part of the bark is scraped off, and then the Fumex is sprayed.
If the disease occurs in the growing season, it is necessary to scrape the diseased part and apply thiophanate-methyl, carbendazim, chlorothalonil, etc. in a timely manner, and then apply once every 7 to 10 days, the effect is good.
Leaf defect
â—Peach tree leaf disease
It usually begins after the leaves are spread in early April, and May is the peak period. In the spring, the peach buds are inflated and the leaves are young, and the young leaves are susceptible to disease.
When spring germinated, the tender young leaves were curled and reddened.
When the leaves grow up, they thicken and become brittle and curly, showing a reddish-brown color. The diseased leaves turn brown, the burnt leaves fall off, the axillary buds grow new leaves again, and the new leaves that grow are generally no longer affected.
Chemical control:
Peach buds are red and not unfolded as a critical period of prevention.
The sprayable difenoconazole, thiophanate-methyl, dexamethasone, carbendazim, and mancozeb can control the occurrence of primary infection, and the effect is very good.
Pest
apple:
â—Apple full claws
The whole clawed cockroach mainly sucks the main buds and leaves of apples.
The main bud can not be germinated normally, and it will die when it is severe. When the leaves are damaged, the leaves will appear gray and white. In the later stage, the leaves will be pale. The severely damaged fruit trees will look like a silvery gray in the distance, which generally does not cause leaves, but seriously affects the photosynthesis of the leaves. .
In late April, it is the wintering egg hatching period. At this time, the inflorescence is separated into the outcrop period. At this time, the leaf area is small and the worm body is concentrated. In addition, this time it is a young cub, if it is a sputum, and the drug resistance is poor, it is the most effective drug control. period.
Chemical control:
Insecticides such as bifenthrin, oxazolidine, bromo oxime ester, tetramethyl azine, triazole tin, thiabendone, oxime, and snail ester are available.
Brown leaf moth
The larvae feed on buds, flowers and leaves.
The damaged plants could not normally bloom and flower, and the severe whole leaves were scorched, which affected the growth of fruit trees and also affected the yield.
Chemical control:
The medicament can be sprayed and controlled by spraying cyhalothrin, stearyl fenvalerate, chlorfenapyr, tebufenozide or guanidine.
pear:
â—Pear Star Caterpillar
When the flower buds are swollen to bloom in mid-April, it is the peak period.
Drill into the flower buds to eat flower buds or buds, so that the flower buds are hollow, black and dead, and the flower buds can not bloom. Some of the flowers that are foraging can be opened, but they are twisted and twisted, and there are brown wounds or holes.
Chemical control:
In the outskirts of the cockroach, the agents such as juvenile urea, tebufenozide, flubendiamide, guanidine and the like are selected.
â—æ¢¨å† ç½‘è½
Adults or nymphs in the back of the leaves sucking juice, can cause coal fouling.
Overwintering adults will begin to emerge in early April, and the peak period from the end of April to the beginning of May is the key period for prevention and control.
Chemical control agents:
Abamectin, imidacloprid, cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, chlorpyrifos, and cyhalothrin.
â—Pears
In early spring, the nymphs are concentrated on the buds, and the damaged leaves are rolled into a cylindrical shape from both sides of the main vein.
Chemical control:
The pear bud has not been opened to the germination and leaf stage, which is a crucial period for prevention and control.
Optional cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, avermectin, imidacloprid, acetamiprid and other agents.
â—Pear mosquito
It mainly harms the young leaves, sucks the juice on the front leaves of the pear leaves, makes the leaves shrink and becomes brittle, and is rolled into a tube shape. The mesophyll tissue is thickened, becomes brittle and hard, and then becomes black and withered.
Chemical control:
Imidacloprid, bifenthrin, avermectin, fenvalerate, etc. can control the newly hatched larvae.
â— pear hibiscus
Mainly sucking young leaves, shoots and pedicels of plants.
When there are many parasitic on the flower buds, it can not bloom, and then turn yellow and fall.
After the fruit is damaged, the fruit surface is easily roughened, causing coal pollution, contaminating leaves and fruit surfaces, and fruit development.
Chemical control:
The key period of chemical control of P. sylvestris is in the peak period of the outskirts and from the end of May to the beginning of June, when the adult and young nymphs peak.
Optional avermectin, deltamethrin, fenvalerate, beta-cypermethrin, imidacloprid, etc.
peach:
â—Tao
After the young leaves of the shoots are unfolded, they live in the back of the leaves, and the damaged leaves are curled toward the back, and the mucus is excreted, polluting the shoots and leaves, inhibiting the growth of new shoots and causing defoliation.
In the early spring, the germination of peach aphid, the hatching period of wintering eggs and the occurrence of young larvae are the key period for the control of peach aphid.
Chemical control agents:
Ampicillin, beta-cypermethrin, anti-carbamate, cypermethrin, avermectin, nitenpyram, deltamethrin and other agents.
â—North Korea ball is strong
Nymphs and adults gather on the branches to suck the juice, the damaged branches are poorly developed, and the gums appear, the tree is seriously weakened, the trees can not grow normally and the flower buds are differentiated, and the severe branches are dry.
It will spread throughout the park in 1~2 years, and the whole plant will die if it is not well controlled.
Adults began to emerge in mid-April.
Chemical control:
In the early spring prevention and control of other pests, first spray the buprofezin once and then wait until the fruit buds sprout, and then spray the deltamethrin once again, and the spray is carried out at the latest before the scale insects become hard.
Or use acetamid, poison, Avi toxic plus mineral oil spray control.
Tangerine:
â—All claws
Will cause defoliation, falling flowers and fruit falling
In early spring, activity hazards began, and peaks reached when the young leaves were unfolded from April to May.
During the critical prevention period, you can catch the spring shoots when you are pumping, or after flowering.
Chemical control agents:
The medicament may be selected from the group consisting of oxazolidine, triazolyl, tetrazine, thiazolone, bifenthrin, and sputum.
â—Hibiscus
The main adult nymphs suck the buds, young leaves, young shoots and leaves of the sap, the young shoots of the damaged young shoots shrink and shrink, and the new leaves are yellow and twisted and deformed.
The white secretions excreted by nymphs can induce coal fouling and affect photosynthesis.
The citrus Huanglong disease is mainly transmitted by citrus hibiscus.
Chemical control:
Generally, the first control is started when the new shoots sprout to a length of about 5 cm.
Imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, buprofezin, avermectin, bifenthrin and the like can be selected.
â—Lepider moth
The larvae damage the young shoots and sneak into the epidermis to feed the mesophyll and form a curved tunnel.
Activities begin in March-April, and larvae mainly endanger young shoots from late April to early May.
The focus should be on the adult or young larval stage.
Chemical control agents:
Sprays such as imidacloprid, fenvalerate, avermectin, flubendiamide, acetamiprid, bifenthrin, etc.
In addition, most of the fruit trees have serious aphids, weevils, etc., and we must strengthen prevention and treatment.
Anti-tuberculosis, imidacloprid, avermectin and other agents are mainly used for controlling aphids.
The genus of pyrethroids such as cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, deltamethrin and the like are mainly used.
note:
(1) Some insects are resistant, choose medication according to local customs, and pay attention to the rotation of the medicament.
(2) When using pesticides to control pests and diseases at this stage, it is necessary to grasp the time of medication, avoid using medicine during flowering, and use physical methods to prevent and control the serious pests during flowering, so as not to affect flowering pollination and affect yield.
(Source: Agricultural Geek Plant Protection Map)
I. Company profile
Tiancheng Chemical Co., Ltd. is a collectivized high-tech multi-function fine chemical enterprise, integrated with science, industry, trade and research, which is mainly engaged in paper chemicals, Water Treatment Chemicals, rubber and plastic chemicals, agricultural pharmaceutical intermediates, basic chemical materials, food additives, detergent additives and Electronic Chemicals.
II. Technical indicators:
|
Appearance |
Colorless and transparent liquid |
|
Content |
60% |
|
pH value |
4-5.5 |
|
Viscosity (25℃), mPa·s |
≤20 |
III. Application fields:
1. In the filed of cosmetics, detergents, wool detergents: With the continuous improvement of people`s living standards, the demand for cosmetics, washing products and cleaning products is continuously increasing. As a monomer, the surfactant is applied to many fields, but also use with non-ion preparations jointly, with the function of penetration, humidification, washing and electrostatic elimination, providing help and support for improvement of people`s life and quality of life.
2. In the field of electronic chemicals: the surfactant can be used in cleaning preparations of the electronic products, with the function of washing and electrostatic elimination.
IV. Notes:
1. Storage condition: This product is stored in a cool and dry place (5-30 ℃) to prevent open-air exposure and freezing.
2. If the product storage temperature is below -15 ℃, there will be crystalline polamer. Before using, please heat and stir evenly, not affecting the product quality.
3. The product is slightly acidic. If it is accidentally into the eyes, please wash with water immediately.
V. Packing specification
250 kg plastic drum; IBC tons of barrel; Flexitank.
Surface Active Agent Tc-1000,Surface Active Agent,Surface Active Agent For Electronic Chemicals
Shandong Tiancheng Chemical Co., Ltd. , https://www.tianchengchemical.com