Wheat seed dressing is an effective method to prevent soil-borne diseases, systemic infestations, and underground pests. When applying pesticides during the seed dressing process, it's crucial to follow proper techniques to ensure optimal results. Here are the main methods and important precautions:
**Main Seed Dressing Methods:**
1. **Dry Mixing in a Seed Coating Tank:** Weigh the wheat seeds and the required amount of pesticide according to the recommended ratio. Place them into the coating tank, making sure not to fill more than half the capacity. Operate the tank at 20–30 revolutions per minute, turning it back and forth about 50 times to ensure even mixing.
2. **Dry Mixing in Plastic Bags:** Use plastic bags to mix seeds with the pesticide. Fill each bag with 10–15 kg of seeds and add the appropriate amount of triazole wettable powder. Shake the bag dozens of times until each seed is evenly coated with the powder.
3. **Manual Mixing on a Plastic Sheet:** Spread a plastic sheet on the ground, weigh the seeds and chemicals as needed, and mix them using tools like a shovel. Add the pesticides in stages, ensuring thorough mixing for uniform coverage.
**Precautions for Pesticide Seed Dressing:**
Seed dressing is a key practice to protect wheat from pests and diseases, promoting strong and healthy seedlings. However, improper application can lead to delayed germination, uneven emergence, or even stunted growth. To avoid such issues, consider the following:
1. **Select the Right Pesticides Based on Local Conditions:** If disease pressure is high but pest activity is low, use only fungicides. For mixed infestations, follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for combining insecticides and fungicides. If underground pests are severe, consider both seed dressing and soil treatment for better control.
2. **Use the Correct Dose of Pesticides:** Avoid estimating the dosage. Excessive use of triazolone or phoxim can cause phytotoxicity, leading to slow germination or even crop failure. Always follow the recommended rates.
3. **Choose the Appropriate Mixing Method:** When using phoxim, dilute the pesticide in water before mixing with seeds. For triadimefon or tebuconazole, moisten the seeds first before applying the mixture. If using both insecticides and fungicides, apply insecticides first, then fungicides, and sow immediately after mixing.
4. **Avoid Long Storage After Treatment:** After seed dressing, do not leave the seeds piled up for too long. Ideally, plant within 2–3 hours, no longer than 5–6 hours. Fungicide-treated seeds should be sown right away or dried before planting. Leaving them exposed to sunlight or moisture after treatment reduces effectiveness.
5. **Ensure Even and Complete Coverage:** Mix thoroughly so that every seed is coated with the pesticide. Avoid any "white" seeds. Apply the treatment over large, contiguous areas without leaving gaps or uncoated spots.
**Important Safety Tips:**
The China Pesticide Network reminds users to strictly follow safety guidelines when handling pesticides. Store treated seeds in a cool, dry place out of reach of children. Avoid direct sunlight and damp conditions. Always wash your hands and face after handling treated seeds to stay safe.
By following these steps, you can maximize the benefits of seed dressing while minimizing risks to crops and human health.
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