Spinach is one of the key winter vegetables grown in northern China. It is typically planted during the winter season and harvested in the spring. To achieve a high yield, proper winter protection management is essential. During prolonged periods of cold weather, it's crucial to take effective measures to ensure the survival and healthy growth of spinach plants.
First, apply winter fertilizer. This practice helps enrich the soil with nutrients, supporting plant growth both during winter and into the spring. It is especially important for fields that have received little base fertilizer, have poor soil quality, or where seedlings are weak. Winter fertilizer should be applied together with frozen water, using about 10 kg of urea or 20 kg of ammonium sulfate per acre.
Next, water the field with frozen water. This process should follow the principle of "three certainties" and "two appropriates." The "certainties" mean that watering should only be done when the soil moisture content is low. For example, sandy loam should have less than 15% moisture, loam less than 17%, and clay less than 20%. The "two appropriates" refer to watering at the right time and in the right amount. The best time to water is when the soil can freeze during the night but not during the day. The amount of water should be just enough to moisten the soil without causing waterlogging.
Finally, cover the plants to protect them from extreme cold. In northern regions, temperatures can drop significantly during the coldest months, which can be harmful to young spinach plants. Covering the field with organic materials such as compost or well-rotted manure can help insulate the plants and keep them safe through the winter. This covering is usually applied after the top layer of soil has completely frozen.
By following these steps—applying winter fertilizer, watering appropriately, and covering the plants—you can greatly improve the chances of your spinach surviving the winter and thriving in the spring. These practices are essential for farmers who want to maintain productivity and ensure a good harvest.
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