ã€China Aluminum Industry Network】 3000 kilometers, how far is the equivalent of driving from Hangzhou to Lijiang. If you drive a gasoline-fueled car, the cost of fuel for this trip will be around 2,000 yuan. If you drive an electric car, energy costs may drop significantly. However, is this possible?
This will be theoretically feasible. A few days ago, Alcoa and Israel's Phinergy demonstrated to the public such a battery technology with super endurance in Montreal. The 100-kilogram aluminum-air battery stores enough electricity for 3,000 kilometers, requiring only monthly injections. Clear water. In contrast, the Tesla ModelS has a battery of more than 500 kilograms while the mileage is less than 500 kilometers.
Aluminum air battery really only need to add water to the battery life? Why in the development of electric vehicles, lithium-ion battery successfully surpass aluminum air battery, where is its technical bottleneck? In the future, aluminum air battery can replace lithium-ion battery... Today, The reporter interviewed Du Zhiqiang, senior project manager of electric vehicle R&D at the Zhejiang Geely Automobile Research Institute and Chen Tao, senior engineer of the on-board battery system, regarding the future of battery new technology.
Mostly used for emergency power supply "Aluminum air battery is not a battery that is traditionally used to store electrical energy for many times, but a chemical reaction device that releases electrical energy." Chen Tao said that its working principle is that the active metal is released in the water by oxidation. The process of energy - The discharged energy is output as electrical energy through the electrolyte and special electrode materials.
Generally speaking, for the aluminum air battery, the active metal is aluminum, similar to the zinc air battery, magnesium air battery, etc., just according to the activity of the metal (the severity of the oxidation reaction in water or air) The electrolyte and other auxiliary materials used are slightly different.
"'Just add fresh water' is only for the life cycle of the battery. Essentially the material consumed is aluminum, not water." Chen Tao told reporters that in the course of the battery work, continuous output of electricity, metal aluminum It is also continuously being oxidized and consumed to produce aluminum hydroxide. The generation of electricity is conditioned on the consumption of aluminum containing chemical energy. "A 100-kilogram aluminum-air battery stores enough electricity to drive 3,000 kilometers. After 3,000 kilometers of travel, the battery life is over and it needs to be reinstalled, that is, metal aluminum.
According to reports, aluminum air batteries have been available since the 1960s. But until now, most of its research has remained at the theoretical stage, and practical applications are limited. In China, its research focuses on emergency power supplies. In foreign countries, scientists or researchers study certain electrode materials, or study battery systems for special applications, and are trying to find breakthroughs in aluminum air battery applications.
Security risks to be verified "Inconvenient use is the current large bottleneck of aluminum air battery." Chen Tao believes that, in addition to the inconvenience of the use of batteries than the storage of electricity, compared with other gas fuel cells, there are also many inconveniences, such as hydrogen fuel cells, can Hydrogen is conveniently filled, stored, and transported to a chemical reaction device, but apparently inconvenient for aluminum in metal solids. Secondly, there are many side reactions and the reaction process is not easy to control. Part of the reaction products hinder the reaction to a certain extent and release a large amount of heat. At the same time, flammable and explosive gases are produced.
In the development of electric vehicles, aluminum seems to be playing a more important role. An interesting phenomenon is that the U.S. electric vehicle's endurance capacity can be increased to 300 to 400 kilometers. The battery used is mainly nickel-cobalt-aluminium ternary material, while China's electric car is using nickel-cobalt-manganese. The difference between the metals is aluminum.
"The aluminum material used in Tesla is mainly used in batteries that can store electric energy many times. Its role is to increase the energy density of the battery. The same weight of the battery can store more electric energy and make the driving mileage of the car even more. Chen Tao believes that from this point alone, it is indeed a breakthrough. However, the resulting security risks need to be further tested.
Lithium-ion battery-driven electric vehicles are difficult to popularize. A major obstacle is the limited mileage. Most of the current battery life is between 135 and 480 kilometers. Unless there are a large number of fast charging stations along the way, it is not advisable to drive electric vehicles for long-distance travel. A small number of vehicles larger than 200 kilometers are particularly expensive and cannot be popularized.
Is it possible to replace the lithium-ion battery with an aluminum-air battery in the vehicle? The Geely Automobile Research Institute has done relevant simulation modeling experiments and studied the application of the aluminum air battery as an on-board energy source of an electric vehicle from the perspective of automotive dynamics, paying attention to its own release. The power and power.
"From the experimental results, the aluminum air battery is more suitable as a battery for battery life." Du Zhiqiang said that the aluminum air battery is an energy source, compared to the battery that can store electrical energy, the same weight of aluminum air battery can release the power More, its energy density is high, but its releasable power is extremely low, and its use alone does not meet the needs of vehicles, especially when it is started. This is equivalent to a fuel car. The fuel tank is large, but the engine is small and can go a long way, but it is very slow. In contrast, the speed of lithium-ion batteries will be more stable. If you use an aluminum-air battery with the same power (that is, the vehicle has the same speed), its weight will probably be four to five times that of a lithium-ion battery.
In other words, the standard energy of an electric car should be: take the aluminum air battery in actual use, gain longer driving range, and also make up the short aluminum air battery, with a power type battery, Make the vehicle have good dynamic performance.
"For automotive applications, aluminum-air batteries are still unknown." Du Zhiqiang believes that aluminum air batteries currently have some applications in mobile communications equipment and notebook computers, but they are experimental and not very extensive. Future applications in the field of electric vehicles, there are still many technical problems to be solved, whether it can successfully become a vehicle-borne energy for electric vehicles, but also rely on the market to choose. In other fields, from the technical characteristics of the aluminum air battery itself, it seems more appropriate as an emergency power supply and mobile power station.
From the current Geely electric vehicle battery selection, basically the same as the industry, the production model will be mainly lithium iron phosphate, the models being developed are basically beginning to use ternary materials. Du Zhiqiang said, "I personally think that the future direction of development is to increase the fuel cell on the basis of the existing battery and form a hybrid fuel cell + battery vehicle power supply. In the choice of fuel cell, hydrogen fuel cell is better than aluminum air battery. And other metal fuel cells."
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