Biogas fertilizer is a type of organic fertilizer that contains a full range of essential nutrients, including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. It is particularly rich in volatile ammonia nitrogen, which makes it important to apply it correctly. If not handled properly, it can lose its effectiveness and fail to deliver the expected yield improvements. Here are some key application techniques for biogas fertilizer:
First, it should not be stored for long periods. The best practice is to remove it directly from the biogas digester and apply it to the field or soil immediately. If time is limited, it can be temporarily piled outside the digester for one or two days at most. Prolonged exposure leads to significant nutrient loss. Studies show that when biogas slurry is left to dry in the open air, total nitrogen loss can reach about 65%, while ammonia nitrogen loss may exceed 87%.
When using biogas slurry as a base fertilizer, it's most effective to apply it directly into the field, especially in paddy fields, where the mixture of mud and fertilizer can enhance nutrient absorption. A recommended application rate is around 2000 kg per mu. It's best to apply it on dry soil using methods like spot application or furrow application, followed by covering with a layer of about 10 cm of soil to minimize nutrient volatilization.
For top dressing, biogas liquid fertilizer should be diluted with water depending on the quality of the fertilizer and the crop's growth stage. This prevents damage to young roots and leaves. Dilution ensures a more even distribution and better absorption by the plants.
Combining biogas fertilizer with chemical fertilizers can significantly improve efficiency. For example, ammonia water and ammonium bicarbonate are cost-effective nitrogen sources but are alkaline and prone to evaporation. When mixed with biogas slurry, they help dissolve in the soil, making nutrients more accessible to crops and increasing fertilizer utilization. A common recommendation is to add 0.5–1 kg of ammonium bicarbonate or ammonia water to every 50 kg of biogas slurry.
Additionally, combining biogas sludge with superphosphate can also boost the effectiveness of the phosphate fertilizer, enhancing overall soil fertility and crop performance. By following these application techniques, farmers can maximize the benefits of biogas fertilizer while minimizing nutrient losses.
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