Clinical manifestations of pneumoconiosis and pneumoconiosis

● What is pneumoconiosis? What are the legal pneumoconiosis in our country?

Pneumoconiosis is a chronic and progressive lung disease caused by the long-term inhalation of occupational dust, leading to fibrosis in the lungs. It is classified as an occupational disease due to its strong association with work environments where workers are exposed to harmful particles.

In China, the "Clinical Catalogue of Occupational Diseases" recognizes 13 types of pneumoconiosis. These include silicosis, coal worker’s pneumoconiosis, graphite pneumoconiosis, carbon black pneumoconiosis, asbestos pneumoconiosis, talc pneumoconiosis, cement pneumoconiosis, mica pneumoconiosis, potter’s pneumoconiosis, aluminum pneumoconiosis, welder’s pneumoconiosis, caster’s pneumoconiosis, and other forms diagnosed based on specific criteria. Among these, silicosis and coal worker’s pneumoconiosis are the most frequently reported and prevalent in the country.

● What are the most common types of pneumoconiosis in China?

According to data from national occupational disease surveys and reports over the past decade, silicosis and coal worker’s pneumoconiosis have consistently accounted for approximately 90% of all reported cases. These two conditions are primarily linked to high-risk industries such as mining, construction, and manufacturing, where exposure to silica or coal dust is common.

● What are the clinical manifestations of pneumoconiosis patients?

Patients with pneumoconiosis typically experience four main symptoms: coughing, sputum production, chest pain, and shortness of breath. In some cases, additional symptoms like wheezing, hemoptysis (coughing up blood), and general fatigue may also occur.

Early-stage pneumoconiosis may not present with significant symptoms, but as the disease progresses, coughing often becomes more severe. This is especially true when patients also suffer from chronic bronchitis or lung infections. Smoking can exacerbate this symptom, making it more intense compared to non-smokers.

Sputum production varies depending on the type of pneumoconiosis. For example, coal workers’ pneumoconiosis often results in dark, soot-like sputum. When combined with infection or chronic bronchitis, the amount of sputum increases, becoming thick, yellow, and difficult to expel.

Chest pain is commonly reported among pneumoconiosis patients. The pain is usually mild, intermittent, and not localized. It is more frequently observed in those with silicosis or asbestosis. Shortness of breath tends to worsen as the condition progresses, and complications such as pulmonary hypertension or cor pulmonale can significantly impact breathing and overall health.

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