In the development of shale gas in North America, the development of drilling technology has effectively reduced the drilling cycle and cost, and achieved large-scale development of shale gas.
These developments include: factory drilling mode, which can optimize well site layout and increase well construction speed; new well bottom vibration tools, controllable mud motor and bottom hole hydraulic parameter recorder, etc., to achieve double drilling of mechanical drilling speed and drilling The drilling speed of wells is increased by 40%; the new hydraulic winch rig reduces non-production time, floor space and transportation and installation costs, and improves the drilling efficiency of horizontal wells by 50%; the new rotary guide achieves a slope of 17 degrees per 100 feet in the naked eye. Large-angle slanting and side-drilling in the well section and complete complex three-dimensional well trajectory drilling; new steel body polycrystalline diamond composite bit, fast and effective drilling and long horizontal section, reducing hydraulic energy consumption, deeper cutting depth, dog Leg control is easier; new shale water-based drilling fluid for shale and sensitive environment drilling, maintaining wellbore stability in formations containing soluble calcium, salt and acid gases; innovative shale gas drilling quality management methods, Reduce non-drilling time and operating costs, and increase the average monthly drilling rate by 30.8%.
According to statistics, the number of horizontal well drilling in the United States increased from 1,144 in 2000 to 12,224 in 2010, accounting for 77% of natural gas drilling. Drilling technology innovation promotes large-scale development of horizontal shale gas horizontal wells in North America.
R141B,Dichlorofluoroethane (HCFC- R-141b) is a nontoxic and colorless chemical with small ODP value and excellent chemical stability. Since its physical and chemical properties are similar to those of CFC-11 and CFC-113, it can substitute refrigerant R-11 as foaming agent for rigid or soft PU foam without changing process and equipment, or CFC-113 as metal cleaner and solder- remover as well. Refrigerant R-141b has following characteristics:
1. Chemical Stability: It can be stored at room temperature without decomposition.
2. Dissolvability: It can dissolve in most organic solvents, alcohol and ether. It has excellent compatibility with grease and lubricant, and no obvious effects on most polymers including plastics and rubbers.
3. Toxicity: The toxicity trials conducted by Allied Signal and Atochem indicate that it has no irritant effect on hum an skin and eyes, but inhalation of high-concentrated refrigerant R-141b will cause anaesthetic effect.
4. Flammability: HCFC-141b is inflammable, it should be stored in ventilated place without flame.
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ZHEJIANG ZHONGLAN REFRIGERATION TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD , http://www.uiszl.com