In daily agricultural practices, farmers often use **pesticides** without following proper procedures, which can lead to reduced effectiveness and even cause phytotoxicity. This not only threatens the safety of humans and animals but also causes economic losses in farming. Therefore, it's essential for farmers to pay attention to several important guidelines when handling pesticides.
Firstly, never use counterfeit, polluted, or banned pesticides. Always use containers made of pots, wood, glass, or plastic—never metal, as it may react with the chemicals, reducing efficacy or even creating toxic substances. When diluting, it’s best to use a two-step dilution method: first mix a small amount of water with the concentrated pesticide, stir well, then add more water to reach the desired concentration. This ensures a uniform solution and maximizes the effectiveness of the treatment.
To enhance the performance of the pesticide, you can add a small amount of vinegar or a pesticide synergist before application. To improve adhesion, some manufacturers recommend adding 3000 times diluted 6501 spreader or 0.1% washing powder. For cockroach control, adding a little alcohol can increase effectiveness and reduce resistance.
It is best to apply pesticides on sunny afternoons, avoiding high humidity, fog, or dewy conditions, as these can affect the spray's efficiency. The spraying should be thorough and precise, ensuring a fine and even mist so that no liquid drips from the leaves. When controlling cockroaches, make sure to spray the underside of the leaves, and for mites, focus on the dense areas where they tend to gather.
Always refer to the pest reports issued by the local **plant protection** department and apply safe pesticides during the most sensitive growth stages of crops. When using chemical pesticides, take care to protect natural enemies. Choose pesticides that are less harmful to beneficial insects and avoid applying them during their breeding periods. Rotate pesticide types regularly to prevent resistance. Follow mixing instructions carefully and avoid long-residual pesticides whenever possible. Do not apply broad-spectrum **insecticides** early in the crop growth cycle.
Choose the right time for pest control—when the pest population reaches the threshold, during their weakest stage, when they are hidden, and when the crop is strong. Avoid applying pesticides when natural enemy populations are at their peak. Always strictly control the dosage, concentration, and safety interval of the pesticide. Use the lowest effective concentration to manage pests while minimizing environmental impact.
Here are some smart application techniques:
1. **Targeted spraying**: If a specific area is heavily infested, use localized spraying to control pests effectively while reducing overall pesticide use and protecting beneficial insects.
2. **Ground application**: Spraying or spreading pesticides on the ground can help control pests while minimizing harm to natural enemies.
3. **Selective treatment**: Use specialized agents that target specific pests without harming beneficial organisms.
4. **Microbial preparations**: For example, *Beauveria bassiana* can be used to control cockroach infestations safely and effectively.
5. **Smart mixing**: Combine pesticides with different modes of action to delay resistance and boost effectiveness, such as pairing a slow-acting insecticide with a fast-acting pyrethroid.
6. **Integrated management**: Combine chemical control with cultural and biological methods to minimize pesticide use, protect natural enemies, and ensure healthy crop growth.
Using pesticides wisely and safely is crucial. By following these guidelines, farmers can significantly reduce the risk of accidents and promote sustainable agriculture.
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