United States
Nanomaterials and metamaterials continue to lead the way, making the world's thinnest superconducting metal layer, which achieves light propagation and space-time bending in optical materials.
Mao Li (Reporter in the United States) In January 2009, scientists at Duke University in the United States developed a stealth material using "supermaterials." This material guides the microwave "steering" and avoids instrument detection, which invisible objects. The new research results are a critical step toward the goal of manufacturing invisible devices. In addition to being used in military applications, it can also be used to solve the problem of shielding signal from mobile phones and to help develop stealth materials that can "distort" visible light and infrared light.
In February, Duke University and Massachusetts State University said scientists at the two institutions used chemical "glue" to synthesize complex nanostructures with particles of different magnetic and non-magnetic materials for the first time. The results will be applied to the manufacture of advanced optical equipment, packaging equipment, data storage and bioengineering equipment.
In April, Rice University and Stanford University successfully produced tens of nanometers wide graphene bands using cylindrical carbon nanotubes. Rice University's ribbon-like graphene can be used to make solar panels, flexible touch screen displays, and can be made into thin and thin conductive fibers to replace the bulky copper wires used on aircraft; Stanford University's narrow-band graphene has electrical conductivity It is widely used in the electronics industry, and has been made into a transistor prototype using graphene tape.
In May, the University of California, Los Angeles announced the discovery of a new method for the manufacture of a mixture of graphene and carbon nanotubes that is expected to be used to make transparent conductors for solar thin-film batteries and household appliances, and other materials that have the same function as existing ones. Softer and less expensive, it can also be used to make the basic components of optical electronics in the future.
In June, the University of Texas at Austin announced that researchers have made the world's thinnest superconducting metal layer, a thin layer of superconducting lead, which is only as thick as two atoms. This achievement will contribute to the further development of superconductor technology in the future.
In August, researchers at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in the United States said that they obtained the effects of light propagation and space-time bending in optical materials, verifying the effects of light and matter in space and time. The results also contribute to the production of new artificial optical materials that bend light and other forms of electromagnetic radiation, creating a new field of celestial mechanics in metamaterials.
In November, materials scientists at Johns Hopkins University in the United States said they discovered a new use of conductive compounds. After a specific treatment, the compound can be made into an insulating film, and its insulation is not achieved by preventing current from flowing but inducing current flow to other places. Materials having such characteristics are expected to drastically reduce the thickness of the display device and Energy consumption.
Russia
The status of leading companies in the field of materials science has been shaken, but the development of new materials companies such as nano will still be supported by the government.
Zhang Hao (Reporter to the Russian journalist) On May 13, 2009, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev met with the president of the National Nanotechnology Group. He said that Russia will not give up the development of nanotechnology under economic difficulties and will support the middle of the field. Small business, Medvedev said: "Even in the crisis, we will develop nanotechnology, rather than reduce investment in this field", should not be limited to the establishment of the National Nanotechnology Group into a large contractor with large orders.
In the State of the Union address in the second half of the year, Medvedev said that the prospects for the form of state group companies under modern conditions are bleak. Russian Presidential Assistant Dvorkovic immediately confirmed that the Russian nanotechnology group will be restructured in 2010, which may lose its status as a national group. However, it can be expected that the Russian government's support for small and medium-sized enterprises in the field of nanotechnology will not diminish. After the reorganization of the National Nanotechnology Group, SMEs will replace the national group as the main enterprise in the field of Russian nano-materials, and will have an impact on the future research and development structure of Russia's new materials science.
United Kingdom
Graphane was prepared and the principle of laser was used to study the "exciting sound".
He Wei (Reporter in the UK) In January 2009, the University of Manchester produced a two-dimensional crystalline graphene derivative, graphene, with insulating properties using pure graphene and hydrogen. This method is also suitable for the preparation of other graphene-based ultrathin materials with different electrical conductivity. Studies have shown that graphene can be made into new materials to fine-tune its electronic properties, providing versatile materials for future electronic devices, and is likely to revolutionize the semiconductor industry.
In June, British scientists used the principle of “collecting beams†of lasers to try to use sound to create “phonon beams†and develop “soundsâ€. Researchers believe that once the relevant research progresses, "Sound" will be expected to obtain a number of important applications, such as the discovery of defects in nanoscale objects, used in medical imaging and security inspections.
Germany
Invented a new method for detecting the tension of nano-semiconductor materials without interference, and made a new type of organic light-emitting diode and the world's first "printable" battery.
Gu Gang (Reporter in Germany) In January 2009, the joint research team of Germany and Spain stated that they used infrared nano near-field microscopy to invent a new method for detecting the tension of nano-semiconductor materials without interference. The physical properties of materials and the measurement of the performance of nanoscale semiconductor components offer new possibilities. Potential applications include improving the design of modern semiconductor material structures, directional improvements in the performance of electronic components, and future miniaturization of computer chips.
In May, experts from the German Institute of Applied Optics developed a new type of organic light-emitting diode (OLED), which produces white light with comparable incandescent bulbs and much better energy efficiency than fluorescent lamps. Researchers say the OLED prototype can be an ultra-efficient source for displays and general illumination, and their long-term goal is to produce these devices using traditional low-cost tape and tape printing.
In August, the Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nanosystems in Germany developed the world's first "printable" battery, which is as thin as paper and can be produced by screen printing. These "thin paper" batteries weigh less than 1 gram each and have a thickness of less than 1 mm and can be used in small carriers that consume little energy. In addition to its slimness and softness, this battery has the advantages of lower manufacturing cost, no mercury, and no pollution to the environment compared with conventional batteries.
France
Developed a new technology for electrolyzed water to obtain hydrogen fuel.
Li Wei (Reporter of the newspaper in France) In April 2009, the French National Research Center issued a bulletin saying that scientists have improved the ordinary electrolytic cell and installed sensors to accurately measure temperature, water pressure and current intensity, and optimize the electrolytic cell. The environment inside, thereby obtaining as much hydrogen as possible. The key to this technology is to increase the pressure in the water during the electrolysis process. Experiments have shown that this method is very effective for obtaining large amounts of hydrogen. According to the French National Research Center, as a clean energy source, hydrogen fuel does not produce carbon dioxide gas. However, if it is extracted from fossil fuels, greenhouse gases are also produced in the production process, so electrolyzed water is an ideal way to obtain hydrogen.
Canada
Find a new way to make catalysts based on iron.
Du Huabin (Reporter in Canada) In April 2009, scientists at the University of Toronto in Canada found a new way to make catalysts based on iron. This new type of catalyst is less toxic and less costly than the currently used metal catalysts such as platinum, and has the potential to replace them as catalysts in pharmaceutical and fragrance production processes. Researchers have used a small amount of this catalyst to successfully convert inexpensive ketones into alcohols in a left-handed form.
Japan
For the first time in the world, the Fermi surface formed by heavy electrons was directly observed, and a new type of semiconductor with low temperature and energy saving and the world's first flexible and curved organic EL display were developed.
Ge Jin (Reporter in Japan) In May 2009, the Japanese research team used angle-resolved resonance photoelectrons using soft X-ray synchrotron radiation in the dedicated beam ray "BL23SU" area of ​​the large synchrotron radiation facility "SPring-8". The energy spectrum technology, which selectively observes specific electron orbitals, finally directly observed the Fermi surface formed by heavy electrons for the first time in the world. This research may become a breakthrough in the identification of superconducting mechanisms.
The company has developed a new type of semiconductor that is low-temperature and energy-saving. Its volume is less than one-tenth of its original size. It is planned to be put into the market in 2011. At that time, power supply devices such as hot and heavy transformers attached to notebook computers may become history.
Japanese researchers have created the world's first flexible and curved organic EL display. At present, its size is only ten centimeters square and the thickness is slightly less than 1 mm. It can be used to make a globe-like spherical display to predict the weather, and it can also be used to make a spherical mobile phone.
In June, a new nanoparticle manufacturing method was developed. By adding a reducing agent to an aqueous solution composed of platinum, a surfactant and a solvent, platinum nanoparticles can be rapidly produced in about 10 minutes, and the particle ratio of platinum reaches 100%. The surface area per gram reaches 55 square meters. The advantages of this platinum nanoparticle, in addition to the largest surface area, high thermal stability, can be easily alloyed with metals such as ruthenium, nickel, cobalt, and palladium, and various alloy nanomaterials can be fabricated as needed.
Israel
Developed a technology that can change the characteristics of nuclear fuels such as helium.
Zheng Xiaochun (Reporter in Israel) Scientists at Ben Gurion University in Israel have developed a technology that can change the characteristics of nuclear fuels such as helium. Nuclear fuels used in nuclear reactors have two uranium isotopes, one that can produce fission and the other that cannot. Some of the uranium isotopes that cannot produce fission undergo a nuclear reaction, and some of them become helium. There are also two types of fissile and non-fissable, and fissile fissures can also be used to make nuclear weapons, such as changing the characteristics of plutonium to prevent this possibility. The researchers found that this can be achieved by adding strontium to the sputum produced by large nuclear reactors. The results of this research help prevent nuclear fuel from being used to make nuclear weapons.
Brazil
Developed new renewable plastics and ceramic bodies that capture carbon dioxide.
Zhang Xinsheng (Reporter in Brazil) In May 2009, the Brazilian Chemical Group Technology Innovation Research Center announced the production of high-density polyethylene from ethanol extracted from sugar cane. Certified by American laboratories, this 100% renewable plastic produced from sugar cane has the same chemical composition as traditional petroleum-based plastics and has broad prospects for industrial applications.
Brazil's Solvay Chemical Group and Dow Chemical are also developing green plastic products. They pioneered the development of low-density polyethylene resins for the production of plastic film and PVC sheets. Another joint venture plans to invest $300 million to build a PVC plant that uses ethanol as a raw material. Brazil's “green plastics†may lead a new environmental revolution.
In October, two chemists at the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil, worked with a company to develop a ceramic body that filtered the carbon dioxide emitted by the combustion of the fuel and converted it into industrial raw materials. The inventors plan to further improve the ability of this ceramic body to filter carbon dioxide in order to increase the efficiency of capturing carbon dioxide from the current 40% to 60%.
South Africa
Advocate the establishment of high value-added fluorine chemical industry, and promote the development of nano sponge materials.
Li Xuehua (Reporter in South Africa) In March 2009, the Chemical Division of the South African Nuclear Energy Corporation launched the Fluorine Chemical Expansion Initiative (FEI) to promote the establishment of a high value-added fluorine chemical industry in South Africa. South Africa is rich in fluorspar resources and is currently the third largest producer of fluorspar in the world, but 95% of its acid grade fluorspar products are exported to the international market, and only 5% are used to make crude and pure hydrogen fluoride and other fluorine. chemical product.
In May, researchers at the University of Johannesburg in South Africa advanced research on nano-sponge materials. The South African government hopes that this study will overcome the shortcomings of traditional water treatment methods and help residents in remote rural areas obtain clean water. Unlike ordinary size filter media, nanosponges can react differently to the electrical properties of molecules. The interior of each cavity is repellent to water, while the exterior is water-absorbent. Therefore, water molecules can easily pass through. Nano-sponges, while a series of pollutants like insecticides are adsorbed in the cavities. In addition, special substances can be added to the nano-sponge for a specific pollutant to adsorb the target pollutants and even convert them into less toxic substances.
Ukraine
Developed a heat-resistant suit with an autonomous gas cooling system to achieve breakthroughs in metal oxide film preparation technology.
Cheng Gang (Reporter in Ukraine) Ukrainian National Technical and Design University of Kiev developed a modern heat-proof suit. It has an autonomous gas cooling system that allows the wearer to continue working for 30 minutes at an ambient temperature of 150 ° C or infrared radiation up to 25 kW / m2. Compared with liquid cooling systems, this equipment has great advantages to improve the working conditions of workers.
The Chernowski National University has made a breakthrough in the preparation of metal oxide thin films, which can be used for the concentration monitoring of toxic and explosive gases in the atmosphere, and has wide application value in the manufacture of gas sensors.
Nanomaterials and metamaterials continue to lead the way, making the world's thinnest superconducting metal layer, which achieves light propagation and space-time bending in optical materials.
Mao Li (Reporter in the United States) In January 2009, scientists at Duke University in the United States developed a stealth material using "supermaterials." This material guides the microwave "steering" and avoids instrument detection, which invisible objects. The new research results are a critical step toward the goal of manufacturing invisible devices. In addition to being used in military applications, it can also be used to solve the problem of shielding signal from mobile phones and to help develop stealth materials that can "distort" visible light and infrared light.
In February, Duke University and Massachusetts State University said scientists at the two institutions used chemical "glue" to synthesize complex nanostructures with particles of different magnetic and non-magnetic materials for the first time. The results will be applied to the manufacture of advanced optical equipment, packaging equipment, data storage and bioengineering equipment.
In April, Rice University and Stanford University successfully produced tens of nanometers wide graphene bands using cylindrical carbon nanotubes. Rice University's ribbon-like graphene can be used to make solar panels, flexible touch screen displays, and can be made into thin and thin conductive fibers to replace the bulky copper wires used on aircraft; Stanford University's narrow-band graphene has electrical conductivity It is widely used in the electronics industry, and has been made into a transistor prototype using graphene tape.
In May, the University of California, Los Angeles announced the discovery of a new method for the manufacture of a mixture of graphene and carbon nanotubes that is expected to be used to make transparent conductors for solar thin-film batteries and household appliances, and other materials that have the same function as existing ones. Softer and less expensive, it can also be used to make the basic components of optical electronics in the future.
In June, the University of Texas at Austin announced that researchers have made the world's thinnest superconducting metal layer, a thin layer of superconducting lead, which is only as thick as two atoms. This achievement will contribute to the further development of superconductor technology in the future.
In August, researchers at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in the United States said that they obtained the effects of light propagation and space-time bending in optical materials, verifying the effects of light and matter in space and time. The results also contribute to the production of new artificial optical materials that bend light and other forms of electromagnetic radiation, creating a new field of celestial mechanics in metamaterials.
In November, materials scientists at Johns Hopkins University in the United States said they discovered a new use of conductive compounds. After a specific treatment, the compound can be made into an insulating film, and its insulation is not achieved by preventing current from flowing but inducing current flow to other places. Materials having such characteristics are expected to drastically reduce the thickness of the display device and Energy consumption.
Russia
The status of leading companies in the field of materials science has been shaken, but the development of new materials companies such as nano will still be supported by the government.
Zhang Hao (Reporter to the Russian journalist) On May 13, 2009, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev met with the president of the National Nanotechnology Group. He said that Russia will not give up the development of nanotechnology under economic difficulties and will support the middle of the field. Small business, Medvedev said: "Even in the crisis, we will develop nanotechnology, rather than reduce investment in this field", should not be limited to the establishment of the National Nanotechnology Group into a large contractor with large orders.
In the State of the Union address in the second half of the year, Medvedev said that the prospects for the form of state group companies under modern conditions are bleak. Russian Presidential Assistant Dvorkovic immediately confirmed that the Russian nanotechnology group will be restructured in 2010, which may lose its status as a national group. However, it can be expected that the Russian government's support for small and medium-sized enterprises in the field of nanotechnology will not diminish. After the reorganization of the National Nanotechnology Group, SMEs will replace the national group as the main enterprise in the field of Russian nano-materials, and will have an impact on the future research and development structure of Russia's new materials science.
United Kingdom
Graphane was prepared and the principle of laser was used to study the "exciting sound".
He Wei (Reporter in the UK) In January 2009, the University of Manchester produced a two-dimensional crystalline graphene derivative, graphene, with insulating properties using pure graphene and hydrogen. This method is also suitable for the preparation of other graphene-based ultrathin materials with different electrical conductivity. Studies have shown that graphene can be made into new materials to fine-tune its electronic properties, providing versatile materials for future electronic devices, and is likely to revolutionize the semiconductor industry.
In June, British scientists used the principle of “collecting beams†of lasers to try to use sound to create “phonon beams†and develop “soundsâ€. Researchers believe that once the relevant research progresses, "Sound" will be expected to obtain a number of important applications, such as the discovery of defects in nanoscale objects, used in medical imaging and security inspections.
Germany
Invented a new method for detecting the tension of nano-semiconductor materials without interference, and made a new type of organic light-emitting diode and the world's first "printable" battery.
Gu Gang (Reporter in Germany) In January 2009, the joint research team of Germany and Spain stated that they used infrared nano near-field microscopy to invent a new method for detecting the tension of nano-semiconductor materials without interference. The physical properties of materials and the measurement of the performance of nanoscale semiconductor components offer new possibilities. Potential applications include improving the design of modern semiconductor material structures, directional improvements in the performance of electronic components, and future miniaturization of computer chips.
In May, experts from the German Institute of Applied Optics developed a new type of organic light-emitting diode (OLED), which produces white light with comparable incandescent bulbs and much better energy efficiency than fluorescent lamps. Researchers say the OLED prototype can be an ultra-efficient source for displays and general illumination, and their long-term goal is to produce these devices using traditional low-cost tape and tape printing.
In August, the Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nanosystems in Germany developed the world's first "printable" battery, which is as thin as paper and can be produced by screen printing. These "thin paper" batteries weigh less than 1 gram each and have a thickness of less than 1 mm and can be used in small carriers that consume little energy. In addition to its slimness and softness, this battery has the advantages of lower manufacturing cost, no mercury, and no pollution to the environment compared with conventional batteries.
France
Developed a new technology for electrolyzed water to obtain hydrogen fuel.
Li Wei (Reporter of the newspaper in France) In April 2009, the French National Research Center issued a bulletin saying that scientists have improved the ordinary electrolytic cell and installed sensors to accurately measure temperature, water pressure and current intensity, and optimize the electrolytic cell. The environment inside, thereby obtaining as much hydrogen as possible. The key to this technology is to increase the pressure in the water during the electrolysis process. Experiments have shown that this method is very effective for obtaining large amounts of hydrogen. According to the French National Research Center, as a clean energy source, hydrogen fuel does not produce carbon dioxide gas. However, if it is extracted from fossil fuels, greenhouse gases are also produced in the production process, so electrolyzed water is an ideal way to obtain hydrogen.
Canada
Find a new way to make catalysts based on iron.
Du Huabin (Reporter in Canada) In April 2009, scientists at the University of Toronto in Canada found a new way to make catalysts based on iron. This new type of catalyst is less toxic and less costly than the currently used metal catalysts such as platinum, and has the potential to replace them as catalysts in pharmaceutical and fragrance production processes. Researchers have used a small amount of this catalyst to successfully convert inexpensive ketones into alcohols in a left-handed form.
Japan
For the first time in the world, the Fermi surface formed by heavy electrons was directly observed, and a new type of semiconductor with low temperature and energy saving and the world's first flexible and curved organic EL display were developed.
Ge Jin (Reporter in Japan) In May 2009, the Japanese research team used angle-resolved resonance photoelectrons using soft X-ray synchrotron radiation in the dedicated beam ray "BL23SU" area of ​​the large synchrotron radiation facility "SPring-8". The energy spectrum technology, which selectively observes specific electron orbitals, finally directly observed the Fermi surface formed by heavy electrons for the first time in the world. This research may become a breakthrough in the identification of superconducting mechanisms.
The company has developed a new type of semiconductor that is low-temperature and energy-saving. Its volume is less than one-tenth of its original size. It is planned to be put into the market in 2011. At that time, power supply devices such as hot and heavy transformers attached to notebook computers may become history.
Japanese researchers have created the world's first flexible and curved organic EL display. At present, its size is only ten centimeters square and the thickness is slightly less than 1 mm. It can be used to make a globe-like spherical display to predict the weather, and it can also be used to make a spherical mobile phone.
In June, a new nanoparticle manufacturing method was developed. By adding a reducing agent to an aqueous solution composed of platinum, a surfactant and a solvent, platinum nanoparticles can be rapidly produced in about 10 minutes, and the particle ratio of platinum reaches 100%. The surface area per gram reaches 55 square meters. The advantages of this platinum nanoparticle, in addition to the largest surface area, high thermal stability, can be easily alloyed with metals such as ruthenium, nickel, cobalt, and palladium, and various alloy nanomaterials can be fabricated as needed.
Israel
Developed a technology that can change the characteristics of nuclear fuels such as helium.
Zheng Xiaochun (Reporter in Israel) Scientists at Ben Gurion University in Israel have developed a technology that can change the characteristics of nuclear fuels such as helium. Nuclear fuels used in nuclear reactors have two uranium isotopes, one that can produce fission and the other that cannot. Some of the uranium isotopes that cannot produce fission undergo a nuclear reaction, and some of them become helium. There are also two types of fissile and non-fissable, and fissile fissures can also be used to make nuclear weapons, such as changing the characteristics of plutonium to prevent this possibility. The researchers found that this can be achieved by adding strontium to the sputum produced by large nuclear reactors. The results of this research help prevent nuclear fuel from being used to make nuclear weapons.
Brazil
Developed new renewable plastics and ceramic bodies that capture carbon dioxide.
Zhang Xinsheng (Reporter in Brazil) In May 2009, the Brazilian Chemical Group Technology Innovation Research Center announced the production of high-density polyethylene from ethanol extracted from sugar cane. Certified by American laboratories, this 100% renewable plastic produced from sugar cane has the same chemical composition as traditional petroleum-based plastics and has broad prospects for industrial applications.
Brazil's Solvay Chemical Group and Dow Chemical are also developing green plastic products. They pioneered the development of low-density polyethylene resins for the production of plastic film and PVC sheets. Another joint venture plans to invest $300 million to build a PVC plant that uses ethanol as a raw material. Brazil's “green plastics†may lead a new environmental revolution.
In October, two chemists at the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil, worked with a company to develop a ceramic body that filtered the carbon dioxide emitted by the combustion of the fuel and converted it into industrial raw materials. The inventors plan to further improve the ability of this ceramic body to filter carbon dioxide in order to increase the efficiency of capturing carbon dioxide from the current 40% to 60%.
South Africa
Advocate the establishment of high value-added fluorine chemical industry, and promote the development of nano sponge materials.
Li Xuehua (Reporter in South Africa) In March 2009, the Chemical Division of the South African Nuclear Energy Corporation launched the Fluorine Chemical Expansion Initiative (FEI) to promote the establishment of a high value-added fluorine chemical industry in South Africa. South Africa is rich in fluorspar resources and is currently the third largest producer of fluorspar in the world, but 95% of its acid grade fluorspar products are exported to the international market, and only 5% are used to make crude and pure hydrogen fluoride and other fluorine. chemical product.
In May, researchers at the University of Johannesburg in South Africa advanced research on nano-sponge materials. The South African government hopes that this study will overcome the shortcomings of traditional water treatment methods and help residents in remote rural areas obtain clean water. Unlike ordinary size filter media, nanosponges can react differently to the electrical properties of molecules. The interior of each cavity is repellent to water, while the exterior is water-absorbent. Therefore, water molecules can easily pass through. Nano-sponges, while a series of pollutants like insecticides are adsorbed in the cavities. In addition, special substances can be added to the nano-sponge for a specific pollutant to adsorb the target pollutants and even convert them into less toxic substances.
Ukraine
Developed a heat-resistant suit with an autonomous gas cooling system to achieve breakthroughs in metal oxide film preparation technology.
Cheng Gang (Reporter in Ukraine) Ukrainian National Technical and Design University of Kiev developed a modern heat-proof suit. It has an autonomous gas cooling system that allows the wearer to continue working for 30 minutes at an ambient temperature of 150 ° C or infrared radiation up to 25 kW / m2. Compared with liquid cooling systems, this equipment has great advantages to improve the working conditions of workers.
The Chernowski National University has made a breakthrough in the preparation of metal oxide thin films, which can be used for the concentration monitoring of toxic and explosive gases in the atmosphere, and has wide application value in the manufacture of gas sensors.
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