Laser is a major invention of human beings since the 20th century, after atomic energy, computers, and semiconductors. It is called "the fastest knife", "the most accurate ruler", "the brightest light" and "the strange laser". . Its brightness is about 10 billion times that of sunlight.
The principle of laser was discovered by the famous American physicist Einstein in 1917, but it was not until 1960 that the laser was successfully manufactured for the first time. The laser came into being in the context of the urgent need for theoretical preparation and production practice. As soon as it came out, it gained an unusually rapid development. The development of laser not only revived ancient optical science and optical technology, but also led to The emergence of a whole new industry. Lasers enable people to effectively use unprecedented methods and means of improving their predecessors to achieve unprecedented benefits and results, thereby promoting the development of productivity. Today's widely used lasers have been in existence for 53 years. Today, lasers have become the foundation of the Internet's fiber-optic backbone network, which can help people find new clean fusion energy. It is getting closer and closer to our lives.
Laser technology has the potential to revolutionize the way people live. Technologies like laser rapid prototyping (3D printing) are changing manufacturing and inspiring creativity. An ordinary laser pointer can transmit sound in the air for 100 miles. The laser transmits energy to the drone at long intervals.
1, laser processing
The laser beam has a series of advantages such as good monochromaticity, high energy density, space controllability and time control. It has been widely used in materials processing and other fields. Laser processing is the most promising field for laser applications, and more than 20 laser processing technologies have been developed abroad. The spatial controllability and time control of the laser are very good, and the degree of freedom of the material, shape, size and processing environment of the processed object is very large, and it is especially suitable for automated processing.
The laser processing industries include automotive manufacturing, aerospace, electronics, chemicals, packaging, and medical equipment. The combination of laser processing system and computer numerical control technology can constitute an efficient and automatic processing equipment. It has become a hub technology for enterprises to produce timely production, opening up a broad vision for high-quality, high-efficiency and low-cost processing and production. For example, laser processing is non-contact processing, fast, noise-free, high-precision machining for complex shapes, and there is no “tool†wear in the usual sense, and there is no need to replace the “tool headâ€.
2, laser weapons
High-energy laser weapons are attracting intense attention from countries around the world, and many countries are developing and producing high-energy lasers on a large scale. LaserWeapon (Laser Weapon) is a directed energy weapon that uses a laser beam emitted in a certain direction to attack a target. It has excellent functions such as fast, flexible, accurate and anti-electromagnetic interference. It can play a unique role in optoelectronic countermeasures, air defense and strategic defense. .
Laser weapons are one of the ray weapons. They are also ray weapons, beam weapons and weapons that use coherent and incoherent light sources. The killing factor of laser weapons is high-energy directional electromagnetic radiation generated by various lasers. The results of combat use of laser radiation streams of different densities (simply different types of laser weapons) are also different: or temporarily blinding the enemy's optoelectronic devices or human visual organs, or missiles, aircraft, armored vehicles Other targets cause mechanical damage (destruction).
3. Additive manufacturing
Additive manufacturing technology (commonly known as 3D printing) is a technology that uses physical design data to build solid parts by layer-by-layer stacking of materials. It began with rapid prototyping in the 1980s. At present, various types such as laser sintering technology, fused deposition forming technology, stereolithography technology, electron beam melting technology, ultrasonic consolidation technology, and inkjet deposition technology have been developed. In the article "The Third Industrial Revolution", the British "Economist" magazine used 3D printing technology as one of the important symbols of the third industrial revolution, which caused everyone to pay attention to 3D printing. In China, 3D printing technology was selected into the 863 program, especially the state funding to support the research and development of industry, reflecting the country's degree of respect for 3D printing. 3D printing is a revolution in manufacturing technology and an important part of China's manufacturing industry.
4, laser nuclear fusion
Laser fusion is the use of lasers to illuminate nuclear fuel to cause nuclear fusion reactions because it is very similar to hydrogen bomb explosions in many respects. Since the advent of lasers in the 1960s, scientists have been working on the use of high-power lasers to fuse fusion fuels to study some of the important physics of nuclear weapons.
In March 2012, the laser emitted by the National Ignition Device (NIF) reached 2.03 MJ after passing through the last focusing lens. It broke the record and became the world's first 2 MJ ultraviolet laser. . At that time, people said that it was a model of "national security interests and scientific development". On the one hand, it led the second largest laser in the United States - the University of Rochester laser became an indispensable part of the "no-explosive nuclear test". The realization of the ultimate dream of nuclear power generation - as long as this laser can occur three or four times a second small fuel ball explosion, and it continues to burst, the release of energy is comparable to the million kilowatts of power generation station!
5, driverless car
With the development of technology, autonomous vehicles are no longer the illusory things in sci-fi movies like "The Ranger." Recently, Oxford University has developed a new self-driving car, which not only has remarkable advancement in accuracy, memory ability and low cost, but also can be controlled by an Apple iPad. Researchers claim that this technology can be applied to mainstream automotive products in the next 15 years.
The prototype of this self-driving car is said to be a Nissan Leaf electric car. Researchers at the University of Oxford installed small cameras and lasers on their chassis. When the car is in a manual driving state, the laser and the camera take on the "eyes" function of the vehicle, drawing the environment near the body into a 3D stereoscopic image, which is transmitted and stored on a computer in the trunk of the car.
6, laser wireless charging
On August 8, 2012, Lockheed Martin and LaserMotive R&D completed a series of outdoor flight tests for the Stalker drone to verify the functionality of the laser charging system. Stalker is a small silent drone used by US Special Forces since 2006 to perform intelligence surveillance and detective missions. The drone demonstrated in a recent wind tunnel test that it relied on this laser charging system to fly for 48 hours.
This series of proof-of-concept tests was conducted in a remote desert area, taking into account environmental factors such as wind and heat. These tests show that the laser-powered Stalker can perform tasks day and night in an outdoor environment. During the demonstration, Stalker installed a lightweight optoelectronic receiver and onboard power management hardware. The land-based laser transmitter is based on the hardware development of LaserMotive, which was the winner of the 2009 NASA Centennial Challenge.
Tests have shown that Stalker receives laser charging up to 600 meters and the laser does not damage or affect the normal flight operation of the Stalker. It also shows that the laser charging system can survive the high temperature and wind, and demonstrates the correctness of the beam tracking and positioning receiver.
7, laser communication
In the current rapid growth of information volume, people's requirements for the capacity of communication systems are also growing at a high speed. However, current wireless communication is limited by bandwidth and capacity, and it is unable to meet the current needs, and there is nothing to do with the real-time transmission of image information. With the generation of lasers, lightwave communication technology is increasingly showing the momentum to adapt to this communication demand. Satellite laser communication is a relatively new research field. The United States, Europe, Japan and other countries are extremely concerned about this, and have conducted in-depth research, mainly because the use of laser for satellite communication has the following advantages: opening up a new communication channel The modulation bandwidth can be significantly increased, the optical power can be concentrated in a very narrow beam, the size, weight and power consumption of the device are significantly reduced, the electromagnetic interference between the communication links is small, the confidentiality is strong, and the ground base station is significantly reduced. At least one ground station can be used.
Satellite laser communication includes optical communication between deep space, synchronous orbit, low orbit, medium orbit satellites, GEO (geosynchronous earth orbit, GEO)- GEO, GEO-LEO (low- earth orbit, LEO), LEO - LEO, LEO - Various forms such as the ground, as well as communication between satellites and ground stations. With the development of components, satellite optical communication technology has been basically mature, and gradually developed towards trade. The United States, Europe, Japan and other countries have developed a number of research projects on satellite laser communication, which are related to satellite laser communication systems. Various hub technologies have been thoroughly researched, and satellite laser communication will enter the practical stage in recent years. In particular, once the inter-satellite links between the small satellite constellations and their systems are matured, their trade development will be further promoted. It can be predicted that satellite laser communication will become the most important way for future ultra-large-capacity satellite communication.
8, laser phototypesetting
Following the popularity of the book Digital Survival in the world, the term "digital" is often hanged on people's lips. For the media, whether it is "digital" means not only whether it can catch up with the trend, but also whether it can occupy favorable terrain in the information age to win in the next round of competition, and even its survival. But the digitalization of radio and television was only mentioned in the agenda in the 1990s. In comparison, newspapers are much more fortunate. The study of laser photo-sequencing technology, which began in the 1970s, opened the door to the digital kingdom for newspapers, allowing it to sail on information highways with ease. What makes us more fortunate is that the digitization process of Chinese newspapers starting from laser photo-distribution is a process of independence and self-reliance, and this process is basically synchronized with the world's advanced generation.
The laser imagesetter is a new device developed in the 1970s. It uses the electronic computer to proofread the input text symbols, compile and process them, and then exposes them to the photosensitive material through laser scanning technology to make the scanning beam have high brightness. To a very thin beam, the scanning resolution can reach 40 lines/MM, so this kind of photo-distribution performance reproduces the character glyph outline and the pen front. The quality of the photo text is high and the typesetting speed is fast, which has become the main force of text typesetting. After more than 20 years of continuous development, the technology has become more and more perfect, and there are many kinds of them, from the use of laser aperture (HE-NE) laser, argon ion laser and light-emitting diode (LED), etc. There are several main methods such as prism scanning, mechanical roller scanning (outer roller scanning) and inner cylinder scanning, and also using galvanometer scanning, but the quality of the galvanometer is high and used less.
9, laser medical
Since the birth of laser, laser technology has become an effective means of clinical treatment, and has gradually developed into a pivotal technology for medical diagnosis, and has solved many setbacks in medicine and contributed to the development of medicine. At present, laser medical care has formed a mature and unconventional market, and has maintained a strong and strong development momentum in its basic research, new technology development, new equipment development and production.
At present, the laser medical market is mainly distributed in the following aspects: photodynamic therapy for cancer; laser treatment for cardiovascular disease; excimer laser keratoplasty; laser fiber endoscopic surgery; laser laparoscopic surgery; laser thoracoscopic surgery; Laser lithotripsy; laser surgery; laser application in anastomosis; laser in oral, maxillofacial surgery, dentistry; weak laser therapy.
10, laser beauty
Since the birth of the world's first laser in 1960, humans have begun to explore the use of laser technology in the field of medical beauty. Nowadays, after 53 years of development, laser technology has been widely used in the skin and beauty fields such as sputum, freckle, wrinkle removal, hair removal and skin rejuvenation. Especially in recent years, with the increasing pursuit of beauty, the laser beauty market has shown a gratifying development momentum.
According to research data from Medical Insight, the global medical beauty market is expected to achieve an average annual growth rate of 10.8% in 2011-2016. Although North America is still the largest market, the growth of the Asian market is particularly strong, and it is expected that 2011-2016 will be Achieving an average annual growth rate of 13.8%, of which the Chinese market is Asia's hub market. According to a presentation by market research firm iDate Research, in 2011, China's beauty market reached 700 million US dollars, and the laser beauty market occupied a large market share, and the laser hair removal market occupied half of the mountain river.
The top 10 is the most important influence of laser technology on society, and I believe that the impact will be more and more in the future.
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