Cabbage is native to northern China and is a leafy vegetable of the genus Brassica, usually referred to as Chinese cabbage. Introduced to the south, cultivated in all parts of the north and south. In the 19th century, it was introduced to Japan, Europe and America. There are many kinds of Chinese cabbage. The cabbages in the north include Shandong Jiaozhou Chinese cabbage, Beijing Qingbai, Tianjin Qingmaye Chinese cabbage, Northeast Daban cabbage, and the large burrs of Shanxi Yangcheng.
1. Cultivation season
Early-maturing varieties are usually sown in August and mid-August, and are also planted early in late July. Medium-ripe varieties can be sown from late August to early September. Late-maturing varieties should be sown in late August.
2. Land selection and site preparation
Chinese cabbage is easy to develop, so it is necessary to carry out crop rotations, especially promoting grain and vegetable rotation and water and drought rotation. Cultivation on perennial vegetable plots should avoid continuous cropping with cruciferous vegetables. You can choose to cultivate the early beans, early peppers, early cucumbers, early cucumbers and early tomatoes. The land of Chinese cabbage should be deeply ploughed 20-27 cm for 10-15 days, and then the land is broken and leveled to make 1.3-1.7 m wide scorpion, or 0.8 m narrow sorghum, sorghum. When doing sputum, it is necessary to deepen the sulcus and the gutter, and the ditch is more than 27 cm, so that the ditch and the ditch can communicate.
3, re-application of base fertilizer, mainly organic fertilizer
In the middle and late July, after the harvest, the soil will be turned deep into the ground. When the land is prepared, 100-150 kg of lime will be applied per mu. In the plot where the clubroot disease occurs, an appropriate amount of lime must be applied to the seeding ditch. Re-application of base fertilizer is required, and NPK is well matched. In the first ten days of July, 40 pig manure per acre, 40-50 garbage, 75 kilograms of vegetable waste, 40-50 kilograms of calcium magnesium phosphate mixed and added 30-40 human waste, and with the right amount The water is wet, the fermentation is piled up, and a plastic film is placed on the outside to make it fully decomposed. Ditching when doing sputum. At the same time, 10-15 kg of 45% compound fertilizer is applied per mu.
4, sowing
Chinese cabbage is usually used for live broadcast, and can also be transplanted. The live broadcast is mainly based on the broadcast, supplemented by on-demand. When the time before the squatting is still empty, in order not to affect the cultivation season, seedling transplanting can also be used. Regardless of the method used, the soil must be neat and flat. Live broadcast of about 200 grams per mu. Seedling transplanters, each planting 1 mu of field, about 5-6 cents of seedbeds, using the method of spreading, using 75-100 grams. After the broadcast of the live broadcast, 40-50 pairs of manure manure and urine were used per acre, and the ground cover was combined. After that, water each time in the morning and evening, keep the indigenous soil moist, and emerge in 3 to 4 days. The row spacing of Chinese cabbage should be determined according to the variety. Generally, the early-maturing variety is 33-50×33 cm, 2100-2300 per acre, and the late-maturing variety is 67*50 cm. The seedlings per mu are less than 2000, and the best choice for seedling transplanting is cloudy or sunny. In order to improve the survival rate, it is best to transplant the seedlings with soil and plant the root water after planting.
5, field management
(1), between the seedlings: 2 - 3 true leaves, the first seedlings; 5 - 6 leaves time second seedling; 7 - 8 leaves can be fixed seedlings. Different row spacings were selected according to different varieties, and one strong seedling was left in each hole. Weeding can be combined with seedlings.
(2), topdressing: After the Chinese cabbage is planted, it can start topdressing. Every 15 to 4 days, chasing 15% of the manure of manure, 4 to 5 tons per acre. Look at the weather and soil dry and wet conditions, the application of human excrement to water, cabbage should enter the rosette period should increase the concentration of fertilizer, usually every 5-7 days, chasing 30% of the manure of manure, 15 per acre - 20 ounces, vegetable or withered 75 - 100 kg. After starting the package, re-application of top dressing and increased application of potassium fertilizer are necessary measures to increase production. 50% of the decomposed manure can be applied per acre 30-40 feet, and 100 kg of grass ash or 10 to 15 kg of potassium sulphate can be applied. This time, the fertilizing vegetable farmer is called "filling the heart fat." After the vegetation plant is closed, it is generally no longer topdressing. If the base fertilizer is insufficient, urea can be applied as appropriate.
(3), cultivating soil: in order to facilitate topdressing, we must loosen the soil in the early stage, weeding 2 - 3 times. In particular, after the long rain turns fine, it is necessary to cultivate the land in time to promote the growth of the root system. In the middle of the rosette, the glutinous rice cake is used as a hoe, and the height is 10-13 cm. The purpose of training is mainly to facilitate fertilization and watering and reduce disease. After the cultivation, the manure is poured into the ditch, and the leaf sign cannot be attached; the water is poured into the ditch, and the crotch is not wetted. At the same time, the air circulation in the ditch is kept, so that the air humidity between the plants is reduced. In this way, the occurrence of soft rot can be reduced.
(4) Irrigation: Chinese cabbage should be lightly poured and moistened during the seedling stage; intermittent irrigation during the rosette, see dry and wet, appropriate seedling; high moisture requirement when the ball is formed, and can be used for furrowing when the soil is dry. The irrigation should be carried out after the temperature in the evening or at night is lowered. If you want to pour slowly, don't be full. After the water has penetrated into the soil, the remaining water should be discharged at an extreme time. Do not accumulate water in the ditch, no water in the face, no water shortage in the root system. In general, from the end of the rosette period to the middle of the ball, keeping the soil moist is one of the keys to the high yield of Chinese cabbage.
(5), leaf and cover: the cabbage ball of Chinese cabbage is an inevitable law of its growth and development, no need for bunches. However, in case of late-maturing varieties, in order to promote good ball formation, delay the harvesting supply, lift the outer leaves after the snow, tie them with straw, and cover with a straw-type agricultural film to protect the heart leaves from freezing damage. It also has a softening effect. Early maturing varieties do not require leaf and cover.
Main points of cultivation techniques for Chinese cabbage in autumn and winter
1. Variety selection: According to different supply period and listing period, the early, middle and late maturity varieties should be selected for reasonable matching. Early-maturing varieties should choose early maturity No. 5, Xiaoza 56, Lubai No. 6, Huaibai No. 6, etc.; middle-ripening varieties should choose Fengkang 70, Fengkang 80, etc.; late-maturing varieties should choose Lubai 20, Shandong No. 5 High-yield ball-forming varieties such as Jinza series.
2, field selection and land preparation, should choose soil fertile, convenient irrigation and drainage, close to the village, not easy to be planted by livestock pests, before planting, cut rice piles, deep soil, and then open the soil 4-5 feet, Combine the land preparation with compound fertilizer 30-40 kg, human excrement or biogas slurry fertilizer 10-15 lbs, and finally hit the hole or seedling transplanting according to the specifications of 30 ╳ 30 cm.
3. Suitable sowing: The suitable sowing date of our county is before and after the beginning of autumn, and it can be carried out by live broadcast or seedling transplanting. Generally, the early and middle-maturing varieties are better for live broadcast, and the late-maturing varieties are suitable for transplanting.
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