According to the report of the Physicist Organization Network on September 19, mechanical engineers from Northwestern University and Michigan State University in the United States have developed a stable and environmentally friendly thermoelectric material. The thermoelectric quality factor (ZT) has set a world record, reaching 2.2, which can be 15 From 0% to 20% of waste heat is converted to electricity, making it the most effective thermoelectric material at the moment. The results of this study were published in the September 20 issue of Nature.
Thermoelectric materials have a wide range of industrial applications, including the automotive industry, which can use more potential energy to discharge gasoline from vehicle exhaust pipes (BMW is testing thermoelectric materials by capturing heat from automotive exhaust systems); glass, brick making, oil refineries, Heavy industries such as coal and gas power plants, and large internal combustion engines that continue to operate in large ships and tankers. The waste heat in these areas is as high as 400 degrees Celsius to 600 degrees Celsius. This temperature range is the most effective point for using thermoelectric materials. Thermoelectric materials used to convert thermal energy into electrical energy are not efficient, and most of them are only about 5% to 7%, which limits the application of thermoelectric materials.
The new materials are based on the commonly used semiconductor deuterated lead and exhibit a thermoelectric quality factor of 2.2 and a thermoelectric conversion efficiency of 15% to 20%, which is the highest efficiency reported so far. The thermoelectric quality factor of the lead tellurium thermoelectric material used by the Mars Probe on the “Curious†is 1 and the efficiency is only half that of the new material.
Researchers have conducted a series of transformations on lead telluride, adding sodium atoms to it to improve its conductivity; then introducing nanostructures into the material, ie, tellurium telluride nanocrystals, to reduce electron scattering and increase the energy conversion efficiency of the material. . They also traverse all wavelengths through a wider spectrum of phonons, reducing heat dissipation and increasing thermoelectric conversion efficiency by nearly 30%. A phonon is a quantum of vibrational energy, each with a different wavelength. As heat flows through the material, the spectrum of the phonons is dispersed at different wavelengths (short-term, medium-term, and long-term).
The researchers said: “Each time the thermal conductivity of phonon scattering is reduced, it means that the conversion efficiency is improved.†They combined the three technologies that disperse short-term, medium-term, and long-term wavelengths into one material and work at the same time. Distribute all three lights in the spectrum at a time. This successfully integrated full-scale phonon scattering method surpasses nanostructures and is a very innovative design for all thermoelectric materials. (Reporter Hualing)
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