(1) Environmental Conditions: Determined by ambient temperature;
(2) Operational Conditions: Type of oil pump, working pressure, temperature, speed, compatibility with oil and metal components, seal and coating adaptability, system operation cycle, and operational characteristics;
(3) Nature of Hydraulic Oil: Physical and chemical properties, performance, and characteristics of the oil product;
(4) Economic Factors: Price and service life of the oil.
After selecting the appropriate hydraulic oil, proper management and maintenance during use are crucial. Here are some key points to consider.
1. Prevent Contamination: The main danger of contaminants is equipment corrosion, filter and orifice clogging, accelerated oil aging, and component damage.
2. Prevent Air Ingress: Air mixing can cause cavitation, noise, and premature oil degradation, which negatively affects performance.
3. Prevent Moisture Ingress: Mixing with cooling water or steam may corrode metal parts, accelerate oil deterioration, and reduce lubricity.
4. Control Oil Temperature: For mineral-based hydraulic oils, continuous operation is recommended at 50–65°C, with a maximum of 120–140°C. High temperatures accelerate oxidation, leading to acid formation and metal corrosion.
1. Basis for Selecting Hydraulic Oil for Construction Machinery
Hydraulic components have specific requirements for the type of hydraulic oil used. When choosing oil, it's important to consider the type of hydraulic components and the compatibility of seals, coatings, and materials with the oil. This ensures proper lubrication and helps components reach their designed lifespan and performance standards.
The hydraulic pump is particularly sensitive to oil viscosity and its temperature-viscosity characteristics. Therefore, the oil’s performance in the system is often a key factor in selection, except for systems with servo valves.
2. System Operating Conditions
If the actuator speed, system pressure, and movement accuracy are high, the hydraulic oil must have good wear resistance and load-carrying capacity.
Based on the system’s possible operating temperature, continuous operation time, and environmental hygiene, attention should be paid to oil viscosity, high-temperature performance, and thermal stability to minimize sludge formation and deposition.
3. Tank Size Considerations
Smaller reservoirs require higher oil oxidation stability, extreme pressure wear resistance, air release, and filtration performance.
4. Ambient Temperature
For construction machinery operating underground, underwater, indoors, outdoors, in cold regions, or with significant temperature fluctuations, special attention should be given to hydraulic oil selection. If no open flame is nearby and the temperature remains below 60°C, standard hydraulic oil can be used. For low-temperature starts, low-congealing hydraulic oil is recommended.
5. Final Selection
After initial selection, it’s essential to check the oil’s source, viscosity, quality, usage characteristics, application scope, and compatibility with system materials to ensure all specifications are met.
6. Economic Considerations
Price, service life, system maintenance cycles, and safety should all be considered when selecting hydraulic oil. Prioritize brands that offer good cost-effectiveness.
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Tag: Key Points for Selecting Hydraulic Oil in Construction Machinery
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