Bearing Noise: Types and Causes

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Bearing noise is a common issue that can affect the performance and lifespan of machinery. Understanding the different types of bearing noise can help in identifying and addressing the root causes. Here are the main types of bearing noise: 1. **Rolling Track Noise** This is the most common type of noise produced by bearings. It occurs when rolling elements move over the raceway during rotation, creating a smooth and continuous sound. The noise level is usually low under normal conditions, typically around 25-27 dB for a 6203 bearing. This type of noise is most commonly found in single-row deep groove ball bearings. Key characteristics include: - Random noise and vibration - Oscillation frequency above 1 kHz - Main frequency remains constant regardless of speed - Sound pressure increases with speed - Radial clearance increase leads to higher noise - Higher housing rigidity reduces noise - Grease viscosity affects noise levels The origin of this noise comes from the natural oscillation of the inner and outer rings due to load. Small imperfections on the raceway or rolling elements can cause these oscillations, which then generate sound. 2. **Rolling Element Drop Noise** This type of noise occurs mainly in large bearings under light radial loads. When the bearing rotates, some rolling elements may fall into the non-loaded area, causing impact and vibration. Characteristics include: - More likely to occur with grease than oil - Common in winter - Occurs more frequently with larger radial clearances - Can be continuous or intermittent - Often associated with second and third-order oscillations - Reducing radial clearance or using preloaded bearings can help reduce noise Some manufacturers use lightweight rolling elements, such as ceramic or hollow rollers, to minimize this type of noise. 3. **Metal-to-Metal Squeaking Noise** This is a sharp, high-pitched noise caused by metal friction. It typically does not affect the bearing’s life or performance but can be uncomfortable. Features include: - More common with grease than oil - Increases with bearing size - Often occurs in winter - Irregular and unpredictable - Related to grease filling and operating conditions Reducing radial clearance and using shallow outer ring raceways can help minimize this noise. 4. **Cage Noise** This noise is caused by the cage vibrating and colliding with rolling elements or races. It is generally low-frequency and can occur in all types of bearings. Characteristics include: - Can occur in both stamped and plastic cages - Present in both oil and grease lubricated bearings - More likely to occur when the outer ring is subjected to bending moments While it's difficult to completely eliminate cage noise, reducing installation errors and improving manufacturing accuracy can help. 5. **Rolling Element Oscillation Noise** This type of noise occurs when rolling elements vibrate under radial load. It is more noticeable at low speeds and can lead to noise due to periodic movement of the shaft. The amplitude depends on factors like bearing type, load, clearance, and number of rolling elements. To reduce bearing noise, it's important to: - Ensure proper guidance and smooth surfaces - Minimize radial clearance - Improve frame manufacturing quality - Use clean and high-quality components - Consider advanced design improvements like optimized cage structures By understanding the sources of bearing noise and implementing appropriate solutions, you can significantly improve the performance and longevity of your mechanical systems. Always choose high-quality bearings and ensure proper installation and maintenance to avoid unnecessary noise and wear.

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