Oil Tanker Safety Precautions
Tanker fires are often caused by oil-filled equipment that doesn’t meet specifications, equipment failure, oil leakage, static discharge, and human error. Based on practical experience, Hubei Dali Special Purpose Vehicle Manufacturing Co., Ltd. has identified several key measures to ensure the safe operation of oil tankers. These include:
1. **Static Grounding is Critical**
The main sources of static electricity in tankers are pumps, filters, and pipelines. The tanker’s filling system generates more static than ground piping. For example, when pumping oil through a 250-meter-long, 100mm-diameter pipe at 2500L/min, the charge from the fueling nozzle is minimal, but the charge increases significantly after passing through the tanker, especially in the filter. Without proper grounding, the tank can accumulate over 10kV of static voltage. To prevent this:
- Always connect the grounding wire before loading and check its integrity and resistance to meet anti-static standards.
- When filling, lower the crane pipe to the bottom of the tank, keeping it about 15cm above the base. Keep the initial flow rate below 1m/s until the outlet is submerged, then gradually increase the speed, but never exceed 4.5m/s to avoid splashing and static buildup.
- After loading, wait for 5 minutes before disconnecting the ground to allow static dissipation.
2. **Don’t Rely Solely on Grounding**
While grounding helps conduct static from conductive materials like metal or water, it’s ineffective for isolated conductors or non-conductors such as oil, rubber, or plastic. Operators must remain vigilant and follow strict procedures, while also being prepared for emergencies. Regular training and clear emergency protocols are essential.
3. **Prevent Body Static Charges**
During loading and unloading, friction between the operator’s body and the tank truck can generate static. This poses a serious risk if it discharges near flammable vapors. To reduce this risk, operators should wear anti-static clothing and shoes, and use conductive socks (not insulating ones). Anti-static soles must be checked regularly to ensure they are not damaged or covered with non-conductive material.
4. **Use Equipment That Meets Safety Standards**
All equipment—such as control systems, measuring instruments, valves, and hoses—must be regularly inspected and calibrated. Avoid using non-conductive materials like polyethylene hoses or plastic containers for oil transfer. Electrostatic grounding devices must be properly installed and maintained, not just attached randomly. Clips and magnetic joints should be placed on clean, conductive areas, not on painted surfaces or other non-conductive spots.
5. **Be Aware of “Oil Conversion†Hazards**
This type of accident typically occurs when diesel is loaded into a tank previously containing gasoline. Gasoline has a lower flash point than diesel, and if diesel is poured into a tank with gasoline vapor, the vapor may dissolve into the liquid, reducing pressure and drawing in air. This creates a flammable mixture that can explode when static builds up and discharges. To prevent this, always fully clean the tank before switching fuels and strictly follow safety procedures.
By following these guidelines, companies can significantly reduce the risk of accidents and ensure safer operations in the oil transportation industry.
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