Oil Tanker Safety Precautions
Tanker fires are often caused by oil-filled equipment that doesn't meet specifications, equipment malfunctions, oil leaks, static discharge, and human error. Based on experience, Hubei Dali Special Purpose Vehicle Manufacturing Co., Ltd. has identified several key measures to ensure the safe operation of tankers:
(1) **Never Ignore Static Grounding**
Static electricity is mainly generated in pumps, filters, and pipes during the loading process. The tanker's filling system produces more static than ground piping. For example, a 250m long, 100mm diameter pipe pumping at 2500L/min can generate significant static charge. Most of this charge is created in the filter, and if the tanker isn’t properly grounded, it could carry over 10kV. To prevent such hazards:
- Connect the grounding wire before loading and check its condition and resistance to meet anti-static standards.
- When loading, lower the crane pipe to the bottom of the tank, keeping the pipe about 15cm from the base. Limit initial flow to 1m/s until the outlet is submerged, then gradually increase speed but never exceed 4.5m/s to avoid splashing and static buildup.
- After loading, wait 5 minutes before disconnecting the ground to allow the static potential to dissipate.
(2) **Don’t Rely Solely on Grounding**
Static grounding only works for conductive materials like metal or water. It’s ineffective for non-conductive materials like oil, rubber, or plastic. Operators must follow strict procedures and remain alert for any unexpected situations. They should also be trained in emergency response and rescue protocols.
(3) **Prevent Body Charge**
During loading and unloading, operators may generate static due to friction with the tank. This can lead to dangerous discharges when mixed with flammable vapors. To reduce this risk, wear anti-static clothing and shoes. Avoid using insulating socks or covering anti-static soles with non-conductive materials. Regular checks are essential.
(4) **Use Equipment That Meets Safety Standards**
All control systems, measuring instruments, valves, and other components must be regularly inspected and calibrated. Avoid using non-conductive materials like polyethylene hoses or plastic containers for oil transfer. Grounding devices must be installed correctly and checked frequently. Avoid attaching grounding clips randomly on painted surfaces or non-conductive areas, as this can create serious safety risks.
(5) **Be Cautious with “Oil Conversionâ€**
This is a common cause of accidents, especially when switching from diesel to gasoline. Gasoline has a lower flash point than diesel. If diesel is poured into a tank containing gasoline vapor, the vapor may be absorbed, reducing pressure and allowing air to enter. This can form a flammable mixture that explodes upon static discharge. Always clean the tank thoroughly before switching fuels and follow strict operating procedures.
Safety is not just a protocol—it’s a mindset. Every step taken during oil loading and unloading should be done with care and awareness. By following these guidelines, we can significantly reduce the risk of accidents and protect both people and property.
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