**Bearing Common Sense (Part 1)**
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Source: China Bearing Network | Time: April 23, 2013
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**How to Determine if a Bearing Can Be Used**
When assessing whether a bearing is still suitable for use, several factors should be considered: the extent of damage, mechanical function, importance, working conditions, and the time until the next inspection. If any of the following issues are present, the bearing should be replaced immediately:
1. Cracks or gaps in the outer ring, rolling elements, or cage.
2. Significant scoring on the raceway, ribs, or rolling elements.
3. Severe wear on the cage or loose rivets.
4. Rust or damage on the raceway or rolling elements.
5. Deep indentations or marks on the raceway or rolling elements.
6.明显的 creep on the inner or outer diameter surfaces.
7. Noticeable color changes due to overheating.
8. Damaged seals or dust covers in grease-sealed bearings.
**Bearing Protection and Maintenance**
Protecting bearings ensures they maintain their original performance for as long as possible. This involves proper protection, maintenance, and prevention. It’s essential to ensure reliable operation, improve productivity and efficiency, and maintain optimal working conditions. Regular checks include monitoring operating conditions, lubricant replacement, and timely disassembly during overhauls. Key aspects to monitor include rotation, vibration, temperature, and lubricant condition.
**Key Points During Bearing Operation**
Rolling bearings are precision components that must be handled carefully. Even high-performance bearings will not perform well if used improperly. Here are some important guidelines:
- **Keep the bearing and its surroundings clean.** Even tiny particles can cause damage. Maintain cleanliness to prevent dust from entering the bearing.
- **Handle with care.** Bearings are sensitive to impact, which can cause dents, scratches, and cracks. Avoid excessive stress during installation or operation.
- **Use the correct tools and equipment.** Never substitute parts or use improper tools, as this can lead to failure.
- **Prevent corrosion.** Sweat from hands can cause rust. Always handle bearings with clean hands, and consider wearing gloves when working with them.
**Inspection of Bearings**
1. **Disassembly and Cleaning:** When removing a bearing for inspection, first record its appearance and check the remaining lubricant. After sampling and testing the lubricant, clean the bearing using gasoline or kerosene. Use a mesh bottom in the container to avoid direct contact with dirt. During rough cleaning, avoid rotating the bearing with debris, as it may damage the rolling surface. Use a brush to remove grease and adhesives, then proceed to fine cleaning by rotating the bearing while removing oil. Always maintain hygiene throughout the process.
2. **Inspection and Evaluation:** After cleaning, inspect the raceway, rolling surfaces, mating surfaces, cage wear, and bearing clearance. Check for any damage, abnormal wear, or misalignment. For non-separable ball bearings, hold the inner ring horizontally and rotate the outer ring to check for smooth movement. For tapered roller bearings, inspect the outer raceway separately. For large bearings, manually rotating may not be feasible, so visually inspect the rolling elements, raceway, cage, and rib surfaces. The more critical the bearing, the more thorough the inspection should be.
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**References:**
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