Basic Knowledge of Bearings (Part 1)
Bearings are critical components in many mechanical systems. It's essential to determine whether a bearing is still usable by considering the level of damage, its function, importance, operating conditions, and the time until the next inspection. If any of the following issues are present, the bearing should be replaced:
- Cracks or gaps in the outer ring, rolling elements, or cage.
- Cracks on the raceway or rolling elements.
- Severe scoring on the raceway, ribs, or rolling elements.
- Significant wear on the cage or loose rivets.
- Rust or damage on the raceway or rolling elements.
- Deep indentations or marks on the raceway or rolling elements.
- Significant wear on the inner or outer diameter surfaces.
- Noticeable color changes due to heat exposure.
- Damage to seals or dust covers in grease-sealed bearings.
Proper bearing maintenance is crucial for ensuring long-term performance. This includes regular inspections, lubrication, and timely replacement. The goal is to maintain the bearing’s original function as much as possible, which helps improve system reliability, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. Key maintenance tasks include monitoring working conditions, checking lubricant quality, and performing disassembly when necessary. During maintenance, it's important to check for unusual noise, vibration, temperature, and lubricant condition.
When operating bearings, keep the following in mind:
- Keep the bearing and its surroundings clean. Even tiny particles can cause damage.
- Avoid excessive impact, as it may lead to cracks or dents.
- Use proper tools and equipment to avoid unnecessary stress on the bearing.
- Be cautious about corrosion. Handle bearings with clean hands, and consider wearing gloves if possible.
Inspection procedures involve careful cleaning and visual checks. When removing a bearing for inspection, first record its appearance and check the remaining lubricant. Use gasoline or kerosene for cleaning, and ensure that the bearing does not come into direct contact with dirt or debris. After cleaning, inspect the raceway, rolling surfaces, cage, and clearance. For small bearings, rotate the outer ring while supporting the inner ring. For larger bearings, visually inspect the rolling elements, raceways, and cage. The more critical the bearing, the more thorough the inspection should be.
Related Bearing Knowledge:
- Precautions for high-speed bearings during equipment adjustment
- SKF bearing cage performance, fan bearings, and preloading techniques
- Centrifugal pump bearing repair and usage skills
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