Diverse and well-balanced feeding is essential to ensure comprehensive nutrition for pigs. There are three main types of feed: green, coarse, and concentrate. Green feeds are high in water content, have a large volume, are easy to digest, and offer good palatability. They also provide a variety of vitamins, minerals, and proteins. Coarse feeds, on the other hand, are bulky and rich in fiber. When combined properly, they increase the surface area of the feed that comes into contact with digestive juices, promoting digestion and giving pigs a feeling of fullness. However, they can be harder to digest. Concentrate feeds are small in size, highly nutritious, and easy to digest, but they are typically low in minerals and vitamins.
It's important to manage the relationship between the amount of feed and the pig's intake. The total feed volume can be calculated based on the dry matter content. For every 100 kg of body weight, pigs should receive between 2.5 kg to 4.5 kg of dry feed per day. The ratio of green, coarse, and concentrate feeds should be 5:3:2. For example, if a pregnant sow weighs 150 kg and requires 5 kg of dry matter daily, this would translate to 2.5 kg from green feed (which requires 6 kg of fresh green material to yield 1 kg of dry matter), 1.5 kg from coarse feed, and 1 kg from concentrate.
Feed that is easy to digest and has good palatability—such as those high in energy and protein and low in crude fiber—is ideal for pigs. Conversely, feeds that are low in energy and protein and high in fiber tend to be less palatable and harder to digest. It's recommended to use more green fodder and limit roughage, ensuring that any roughage used is of high quality.
Different types of pigs require different diets. Piglets, boars, and finishing pigs benefit most from a concentrate-based diet, where concentrates make up over 50% of the total feed. Breeding sows and gilts are better suited to a green-based diet, with green feed making up more than 50% of their diet. For growing pigs, a bran-based diet is suitable, where bran accounts for over 50% of the total feed. Adjusting the diet according to the pig's stage of growth and purpose ensures optimal health and productivity.
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