Diverse and well-balanced feeding is essential to ensure comprehensive nutrition for pigs. There are three main types of feed: green, coarse, and concentrate. Green feeds are high in water content, large in volume, easy to digest, and have good palatability. They are rich in vitamins, minerals, and protein. Coarse feeds, on the other hand, are bulky and high in fiber. When combined properly, they increase the surface area of the feed that comes into contact with digestive enzymes, helping to promote digestion and giving pigs a feeling of fullness. However, they can be harder to digest. Concentrate feeds are small in size, highly nutritious, and easy to digest, but they lack sufficient minerals and vitamins.
It's important to consider the relationship between feed volume and pig intake. The amount of feed can be calculated based on the dry matter content. For pigs, the daily dry feed requirement ranges from 2.5 kg to 4.5 kg per 100 kg of body weight. The ratio of dry matter from green, coarse, and concentrate feeds should ideally be 5:3:2. For example, a 150 kg pregnant sow would need about 5 kg of dry matter per day. This could be achieved by using 2.5 kg of dry matter from green feed (which requires about 6 kg of fresh green material), 1.5 kg from coarse feed, and 1 kg from concentrate.
Feed quality also plays a significant role in pig health. Easily digestible feeds with good palatability—such as those high in energy and protein, low in crude fiber—are ideal. In contrast, feeds that are low in energy and protein and high in fiber tend to be less palatable and harder to digest. It's recommended to use more green fodder and limit the amount of roughage, ensuring that any coarse feed used is of high quality.
Different types of pigs require different diets. Piglets, boars, and finishing pigs benefit most from a concentrate-based diet, where concentrates make up over 50% of the total feed. Breeding sows and gilts, however, should be fed primarily with green feeds, which should account for more than 50% of their diet. For growing pigs, a bran-based diet is suitable, with bran making up over half of the total feed. Adjusting the diet according to the pig's stage of development and purpose ensures optimal growth and health.
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