When selecting insulation materials for construction, it's essential to consider their common application types and design choices, which must align with the requirements outlined in GB/T 17369-1998, "Application Types and Basic Requirements for Building Insulation Materials." This standard ensures that the materials used are both effective and safe for long-term use.
Beyond thermal conductivity, other critical factors such as water absorption, fire resistance, mechanical strength, and durability should also be evaluated. Different insulation materials have unique performance characteristics, and detailed information can typically be found in technical guidelines or product specifications. Choosing the right material depends on the specific needs of the project, including environmental conditions and structural requirements.
Insulation materials generally have a thermal conductivity value of 0.2 W/m·K or lower. This low heat transfer rate makes them ideal for reducing energy loss in buildings and industrial systems. Using high-quality insulation technology and materials can lead to significant energy savings and cost reductions. For example, one ton of mineral wool insulation installed in a building can save approximately one ton of oil annually.
A real-world example is the Anyuan Beili Energy-Saving Community in Beijing, where the coal-saving rate reached 11.91 kg of standard coal per square meter per year. In industrial settings, proper insulation of equipment and pipelines can reduce heat loss by up to 95%, leading to substantial energy savings. The initial investment in quality insulation materials can often be recouped within a year due to these energy efficiency gains.
Before 1980, China's development of thermal insulation materials was limited. Only a few factories produced small quantities of materials such as expanded perlite, vermiculite, slag wool, ultra-fine glass wool, and microporous calcium silicate. Production capacity was low—less than 10,000 tons annually—and only three types of loose cotton and calcium silicate insulation were available, with an output of around 8,000 cubic meters. These products lacked both quantity and quality, failing to meet growing demands.
Among the main energy-saving insulation materials, mineral wool stands out as a high-performance option that has been widely used for over a century. It offers excellent thermal resistance, fire protection, and durability, making it a popular choice for both residential and industrial applications. Its long history of use and proven effectiveness make it a reliable option when designing energy-efficient buildings and systems.
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